Rise in opposition to Nicholas II Flashcards
Two forms of opposition to Nicholas II?
-Liberal
-Radical
Examples of Liberal opposition?
Zemstvo
State Duma
Examples of radical opposition?
Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
Strikes from workers and soldiers
What paved the way for the growth of liberal opposition?
Industrial and educational expansion produced an emerging middle class of professionals who wanted more reforms.
Economic growth.
Liberal main support base = ?
Professionals - lawyers, doctors, teachers, engineers
What are the main priorities of the liberals?
Civil rights and a constitutional monarchy
Where were civil rights outlined?
October manifesto
Where were liberals represented most in the government?
Zemstvo
What helped the liberals gain support at a local level?
Tsarist incompetence in dealing with the great famine of 1891-92 helped promote the Zemstvos who had provided relief for the peasants during this period.
What help did the Zemstvo give to the peasants during the great famine?
-Distribute grain out to them, giving them food effectively.
-Build hospitals
-Health work, giving them aid.
Result of the great famine?
-400,000 peasants dead
-Tsar incompetence on show for all peasants
-Zemstvo gain support and influential on the peasants.
Why did 400,000 people die in the Great famine?
400,000 people died mainly due to government incompetence and Vashnegradsky policy of selling the peasants grain abroad to fund the industrial investment.
What did the liberals call for in 1896?
An “all - Zemstvo organisation”
Result of the call for an “all Zemstvo organisation” = ?
Calls were ignored by the Tsar and this didn’t ease the calls for reform from the liberals.
What was the main goal of the liberals?
Constitutional monarchy
What was the first liberal opposition group called?
Beside
When was the frustrated liberal group Beside formed
1899
In 1903 what did the Beside liberal group merge with?
The Union of Liberation