Chapter 5: Animal responses NOT FINISHED

Question 1

Name the five regions of the brain

Answer 1

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Medulla oblongata
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland

Question 2

Outline three functions that the Cerebrum carries out

Answer 2

Vision, hearing, speech

Question 3

What does the Cerebrum do?

Answer 3

Carries out the conscious functions of the brain

Question 4

What are the four lobes within the Cerebrum?

Answer 4

• Parietal
• Frontal
• Temporal
• Occipital

Question 5

What are the cerebral hemispheres joined by?

Answer 5

Corpus callosum

Question 6

What is the scientific name for ‘grey matter’?

Answer 6

Cerebral cortex

Question 7

Why is the cerebral cortex highly folded?

Answer 7

To have a large surface area - to allow a greater number of unmyelinated neurones

Question 8

What type of neurones make up ‘white matter’?

Answer 8

Myelinated neurones

Question 9

Outline and briefly explain the 4 main functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 9

• Regulate body temp: Initiates homeostatic response if body temp is too low/high
• Osmoregulation: Monitors concentration of blood
• Regulates digestive activity: Controls secretion of enzymes in the gut + generates a feeling of hunger
• Controls endocrine functions: Releases chemicals that causes the pituitary gland to release hormones

Question 10

Outline the function of the anterior pituitary

Answer 10

Produces and releases hormones

Question 11

Outline the function of the posterior pituitary and give and example of a hormone it releases

Answer 11

Stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus eg. ADH

Question 12

Does the cerebellum function consciously or unconsciously?

Answer 12

Unconsciously - involuntary

Question 13

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 13

Motor co-ordination eg. balance

Question 14

Briefly explain the three functions of the medulla oblongata

Answer 14

• Controls HR
• Controls BP by controlling the contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles
• Controls breathing rate

Question 15

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 15

All the nerves in the body

Question 16

What is the mammalian nervous system for?

Answer 16

To co-ordinate and regulation body function

Question 17

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary? What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 17

Somatic = Voluntary
Autonomic = Involuntary

Question 18

Give a brief outline on what the three types of nerves in the somatic nervous system are

Answer 18

Motor - Contains motor neurones that carry info from CNS to muscles and glands
Sensory - Contains sensory neurones that carry info from sense organs to CNS
Spinal - Mixed nerves

Question 19

Give an example of a function that the autonomic nervous system has control over

Answer 19

Heart rate - In fight or flight HR increases

Question 20

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are in the autonomic nervous system. Define each of them.

Answer 20

Sympathetic - Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic - Rest and digest

Question 21

Outline the fight or flight response

Answer 21

Sympathetic nervous system is entered, triggering release of adrenaline, HR increases - to allow more oxygen to be supplied to muscles, pupils dilate - To allow more light to gain awareness of surroundings

Question 22

What’s the reason for reflex actions?

Answer 22

Survival/protection

Question 23

Outline the knee jerk reflex

Answer 23

Stimulus = Stretching of quads as hammer hits ligament
Receptor = Stretch receptor in quads
Co-ordinator = Spinal cord
Effector = Quad
Response = Quads tense causing leg to straighten