Liquids and Solids

Question 1

Intermolecular forces determine physical properties such as __ point, ___ point, ___, and __. These are __ than intramolecular forces

Answer 1

boiling, melting, solubility, density, weaker

Question 2

LDFs are Intermolecular forces that occurs between ___ molecules due to ____ dipole moment elicited by non uniform distribution of charges. It has the lowest ___ ___ and increases with ____.

Answer 2

all, transient, bond strength, size

Question 3

Dipole-dipole forces are weak attractive forces between two ___ molecules with ___ dipoles. The __ end of one molecule attracts the ___ end of another. The more ____ the molecule, the stronger the force, and the higher the __ __-

Answer 3

polar, permanent, positive, negative, polar, boiling point

Question 4

Hydrogen bonding is a ___ type of dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom ___ bonded to an ___, ___ __ and another electronegative atom

Answer 4

strong, covalently, N, O, F

Question 5

Branched molecules tend to have ___ boiling points than their unbranched counterparts

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

Liquids boil when the molecules have enough _ __ to overcome the ___ __ that hold them together.

Answer 6

thermal energy, intermolecular forces

Question 7

Form when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share electrons

Answer 7

polar covalent bonds

Question 8

Form between same atoms of atoms with very similar electronegativities sharing electrons equally

Answer 8

nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 9

form when there is a complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms

Answer 9

ionic bonds

Question 10

form between metal cations and the valence electrons moving freely through the lattice; a metal’s outermost shell of electrons is loosely held

Answer 10

metallic bonds

Question 11

All phase changes are ___ change not ___ changes, and they are ___

Answer 11

physical, chemical, reversible

Question 12

The heat of vaporization is ___ than the heat of fusion. This is because vaporization requires more energy to break __ the forces of attraction between the molecules, but fusion requires only enough energy for molecules to escape from their sites in the __ __, leaving other forces of attraction intact

Answer 12

greater, all, crystal lattice

Question 13

The heat of sublimation is ___ than the heat of vaporization. This is because solids have stronger __ ___ than liquids do

Answer 13

greater, intermolecular forces

Question 14

For a formation reaction, the reaction forms __ mole of a single product, and the reactants must be elements in their ___ states

Answer 14

1, standard

Question 15

the melting point at a pressure of 1 atm

Answer 15

normal melting point

Question 16

the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals 1 atm

Answer 16

normal boiling point

Question 17

Where all 3 phases are present and in equilibrium

Answer 17

triple point

Question 18

the conditions of temperature and pressure at which liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable

Answer 18

critical point

Question 19

For CO2, there is no __ __ at 1atm, and the liquid solid boundary has a ___ slope

Answer 19

liquid state, positive

Question 20

Liquids are generally ___ fluid with a definite __ but no fixed shape.

Answer 20

incompressible, volume

Question 21

The degree to which a solute can be dissolved in a liquid

Answer 21

the degree to which a solute can be dissolved

Question 22

the degree to which a liquid mixes with another liquid

Answer 22

miscibility

Question 23

thickness of a liquid

Answer 23

viscosity

Question 24

Increasing the temperature __ the viscosity

Answer 24

decreases

Question 25

the ability of a liquid surface to resist external forces

Answer 25

surface tension

Question 26

increasing the temperature ___ the surface tension

Answer 26

decrease

Question 27

equilibrium pressure exerted by a vapor above its liquid in a closed system

Answer 27

vapor pressure

Question 28

increasing the temperature ___ the vapor pressure

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

mixtures where the particles are distributed non-uniformly

Answer 29

heterogenous mixture

Question 30

mixture where the particles are distributes uniformly

Answer 30

homogenous mixture

Question 31

Solids are ___ with a definite __ and __ and have strong -__ ___

Answer 31

incompressible, shape, volume, intermolecular forces

Question 32

Solids that are hard, non conductive, brittle and have a high melting point

Answer 32

ionic solids

Question 33

Solids that have malleable, ductile, conductive, highly luster, and variable melting points and hardness

Answer 33

metallic solids

Question 34

Solids that are hard, non conductive and have high melting points

Answer 34

covalent network solids

Question 35

Solids that are soft, non conductive and have a low melting point

Answer 35

molecular solids

Question 36

the smallest individual unit of the crystal lattice

Answer 36

unit cell

Question 37

solids that lack a unit cell

Answer 37

amorphous solids

Question 38

a type of unit cell where there is one atom per unit cell; one atom is at every corner of the cube; 8 atoms contribute 1/8th of an atom

Answer 38

simple cubic cell

Question 39

when there are 2 atoms per unit cell; one atom is at the center of the cube; 8 atoms contribute 1/8th of an atom

Answer 39

body-centered cubic cell

Question 40

When there are 4 atoms per unit cell; one atom at the center of all the faces of the cube; 8 atoms contribute 1/8th and 6 atoms contribute an 1/2 atom

Answer 40

face-centered cubic cell