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Medical Terminology > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

A

absorption

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2
Q

small building block of proteins, released when proteins are digested

A

amino acids

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3
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

A

amylase

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4
Q

terminal end or opening if the digestive tract to the outside of the body

A

anus

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5
Q

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

A

appendix

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6
Q

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

A

bile

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7
Q

pigment released by the liver in bile

A

bilirubin

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8
Q

intestine

A

bowel

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9
Q

pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors

A

canine teeth

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10
Q

first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

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11
Q

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

A

colon

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12
Q

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

A

common bile duct

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13
Q

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

A

defecation

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14
Q

swallowing

A

deglultition

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15
Q
  • primary material found in teeth
  • it is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
A

dentin

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16
Q

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

A

digestion

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17
Q
  • first part of the small intestine
  • measures 12 inches long
A

duodenum

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18
Q
  • removal of materials from the body
  • in the digestive system
  • the removal of indigestible material as feces
A

elimination

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19
Q
  • breaking up large fat globules into small globules
  • increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digestive fat
A

emulsification

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20
Q

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

A

enamel

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21
Q

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

A

enzyme

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22
Q

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

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23
Q

substances produced when fats are digested

A

fatty acids

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24
Q
  • solid waste
  • stool
A

feces

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25
Q
  • small sac under the liver
  • stores bile
A

gallbladder

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26
Q

simple sugar

A

glucose

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27
Q

starch
glucose is stored in the form of this in liver cells

A

glycogen

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28
Q
  • substance produced in the stomach
  • aids digestion
A

hydrochloric acid

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29
Q

third part of the small intestine

A

ileum

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30
Q

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

A

incisor

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31
Q
  • hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas
  • it helps transport sugar into body cells
A

insulin

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32
Q

second part of the small intestine

A

jejunum

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33
Q

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

A

lipase

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34
Q
  • large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen
  • it secretes bile
  • it stores sugar, iron, and vitamins
  • it produces blood proteins
  • it destroys worn-out red blood cells
  • it filters out toxins
A

liver

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35
Q
  • ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
  • also called the cardiac sphincter
A

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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36
Q

chewing

A

mastication

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37
Q

three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch

A

molar teeth

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38
Q

two teeth before the molars

A

premolar teeth

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39
Q

roof if the mouth

A

palate

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40
Q

lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla)

A

hard palate

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41
Q

is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

A

soft palate

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42
Q
  • organ behind the stomach
  • produces insulin and enzymes
A

pancreas

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43
Q
  • small projections on the tongue
  • taste buds are located within
A

papillae

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44
Q

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

A

parotid gland

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45
Q

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

A

peristalsis

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46
Q
  • throat
  • the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
A

pharynx

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47
Q

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

A

portal vein

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48
Q

enzyme that digests protein

A

protease

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49
Q
  • soft tissue within a tooth
  • containing nerves and blood vessels
A

pulp

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50
Q
  • ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum
  • it is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it
A

pyloric sphincter

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51
Q
  • distal region of the stomach
  • opening to the duodenum
A

pylorus

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52
Q

last section of the large intestine, connect the end of the colon and the anus

A

rectum

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53
Q

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

A

rugae

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54
Q

digestive juice produced by salivary glands
contains the enzyme amylase

A

saliva

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55
Q

begins the digestion of starch to sugar

A

amylase

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56
Q

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

A

salivary glands

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57
Q
  • lower s-shaped segment of the colon just before the rectum
  • empties into the rectum
A

sigmoid colon

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58
Q

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

A

sphincter

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59
Q

muscular organ that recieves food from the esophagus

A

stomach

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60
Q

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol

A

triglycerides

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61
Q

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

A

uvula

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62
Q

microscopic projections in the wall of the intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

A

villi

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63
Q

an/o

A

anus

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64
Q

append/o
appendic/o

A

appendix

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65
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

66
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

67
Q

celi/o

A
  • belly
  • abdomen
68
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

69
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

70
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

71
Q

col/o
colon/o

A

colon

72
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

73
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

74
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually small intestine)

75
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

76
Q

fac/i

A

face

77
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

78
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

79
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

80
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

81
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

82
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

83
Q

labi/o

A

lip

84
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

85
Q

lingu/o

A

tounge

86
Q

mandibul/o

A
  • lower jaw
  • mandible
87
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

88
Q

or/o

A

mouth

89
Q

palat/o

A

palate

90
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

91
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

92
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat

93
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

94
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter

95
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

96
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

97
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid gland

98
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

99
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

100
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

101
Q

bil/o

A
  • gall
  • bile
102
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin (bile pigment)

103
Q

chol/e

A
  • gall
  • bile
104
Q

chorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

105
Q

gluc/o
glyc/o

A

sugar

106
Q

glycogen/o

A
  • glycogen
  • animal starch
107
Q

lip/o

A
  • fat
  • lipid
108
Q

lith/o

A

stone

109
Q

prote/o

A

protien

110
Q

py/o

A

pus

111
Q

sial/o

A
  • saliva
  • salivary
112
Q

steat/o

A

fat

113
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

114
Q

-chezia

A
  • defecation
  • elimination of wastes
115
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

116
Q

-prandial

A

meal

117
Q

lack of appetite

A

anorexia

118
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

119
Q

rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

A

borborygmi

120
Q

difficulty in passing stools

A

constipation

121
Q

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

A

diarrhea

122
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

123
Q

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

A

eructation

124
Q

gas expelled through the anus

A

flatus

125
Q

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

A

hematochezia

126
Q

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

A

jaundice

127
Q
  • black, tarry stools
  • feces containing digested blood
A

melena

128
Q

unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

A

nausea

129
Q

fat in the feces

A

steatorrhea

130
Q

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

A

aphthous stomatitis

131
Q

tooth decay

A

dental caries

132
Q

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

A

herpetic stomatitis

133
Q

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

A

oral leukoplakia

134
Q

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

A

periodontal disease

135
Q

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

A

achalasia

136
Q

malignant tumor of the esophagus

A

esophageal cancer

137
Q

swollen vericose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

A

esophageal varices

138
Q

malignant tumor of the stomach

A

gastric cancer

139
Q

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

140
Q

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

A

hernia

141
Q

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

A

hernia

142
Q

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

A

peptic ulcer

143
Q

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

A

anal fistula

144
Q

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

A

colonic polyps

145
Q

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

A

colorectal cancer

146
Q

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

A

Crohn disease (Crohn’s)

147
Q

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

A

diverticulosis

148
Q

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

A

dysentery

149
Q

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

A

hemorrhoids

150
Q

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

A

ileus

151
Q

inflammation of the colon and small intestines

A

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

152
Q

telescoping of the intestines

A

intussusception

153
Q

group of GI symptoms without structural abnormalities in the intestines

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

154
Q

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

A

ulcerative colitis

155
Q

twisting of the intestine on itself

A

volvulus

156
Q

gallstones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

157
Q

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

A

cirrhosis

158
Q

liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

159
Q

malignant tumor of the pancreas

A

pancreatic cancer

160
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

161
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

A

viral hepatitis

Medical Terminology (31 decks)

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