Lipids, Trace Elements, Vitamins

Question 1

lipoproteins

Answer 1

substances composed of lipids and proteins in varying concentrations

Question 1

what are the major lipoproteins?

Answer 1

chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

Question 2

chylomicrons

Answer 2

lipoprotein that contains apo B-48 and is the largest and least dense of the lipids and accounts for the turbidity in postprandial plasma

Question 3

where are chylomicrons produced?

Answer 3

in the intestine from dietary lipids

Question 4

what are chylomicrons mostly composed of?

Answer 4

triglycerides

Question 5

what is the function of a chylomicron?

Answer 5

to transport dietary triglycerides throughout the circulatory system to peripheral tissues

Question 6

where are VLDLs produced?

Answer 6

mainly by the liver

Question 7

what is the function of VLDL?

Answer 7

to redistribute dietary and hepatic-synthesized triglycerides to peripheral cells mostly during fasting for energy needs or storage as fat

Question 8

how is LDL formed?

Answer 8

from the lipolysis of VLDL

Question 9

what is the function of LDL?

Answer 9

to deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells

Question 10

how is HDL synthesized?

Answer 10

by the liver and intestine

Question 11

what is the function of HDL?

Answer 11

removes excess cholesterol from peripheral cells for metabolism by the liver

Question 12

atherosclerosis

Answer 12

disease in which there is an accumulation of lipid material in the veins and arteries, causing the arteries to narrow and harden

Question 13

dyslipidemias

Answer 13

disease states associated with abnormal serum lipids usually caused by malfunction in synthesis, transport, or catabolism of lipoproteins; may be caused by either elevated or decreased lipoprotein levels

Question 14

lipids

Answer 14

fats found in all living cells that are a rich source of energy, are an efficient way for the body to store excess calories, and have a structural role in cells as an integral part of cell membranes

Question 15

what lipids are transported by lipoproteins?

Answer 15

triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, cholesteryl esters

Question 16

phospholipids

Answer 16

amphipathic lipids molecules that are found on the surface of lipoprotein molecules

Question 17

fatty acids

Answer 17

linear chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group

Question 18

what are most fatty acids in plasma a constituent of?

Answer 18

triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 19

what are triglycerides composed of?

Answer 19

three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 20

what are phospholipids composed of?

Answer 20

two esterified fatty acids and a phospholipid head group on a glycerol backbone

Question 21

cholesterol

Answer 21

an unsaturated steroid alcohol found on the surface of lipid layers; an amphipathic lipid synthesized almost exclusively by animals

Question 22

where is cholesterol synthesized?

Answer 22

in most tissues of the body from acetyl coenzyme a

Question 23

structure of lipoprotein

Answer 23

• amphipathic cholesterol and phospholipid molecules are found on the surface of lipoproteins
• hydrophobic and neutral triglyceride and cholesteryl ester molecules are found in central or core region

Question 24

what is the main role of lipoproteins?

Answer 24

to deliver fuel to peripheral cells