Lipids, Trace Elements, Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

lipoproteins

A

substances composed of lipids and proteins in varying concentrations

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1
Q

what are the major lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

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2
Q

chylomicrons

A

lipoprotein that contains apo B-48 and is the largest and least dense of the lipids and accounts for the turbidity in postprandial plasma

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3
Q

where are chylomicrons produced?

A

in the intestine from dietary lipids

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4
Q

what are chylomicrons mostly composed of?

A

triglycerides

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5
Q

what is the function of a chylomicron?

A

to transport dietary triglycerides throughout the circulatory system to peripheral tissues

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6
Q

where are VLDLs produced?

A

mainly by the liver

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7
Q

what is the function of VLDL?

A

to redistribute dietary and hepatic-synthesized triglycerides to peripheral cells mostly during fasting for energy needs or storage as fat

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8
Q

how is LDL formed?

A

from the lipolysis of VLDL

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9
Q

what is the function of LDL?

A

to deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells

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10
Q

how is HDL synthesized?

A

by the liver and intestine

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11
Q

what is the function of HDL?

A

removes excess cholesterol from peripheral cells for metabolism by the liver

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12
Q

atherosclerosis

A

disease in which there is an accumulation of lipid material in the veins and arteries, causing the arteries to narrow and harden

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13
Q

dyslipidemias

A

disease states associated with abnormal serum lipids usually caused by malfunction in synthesis, transport, or catabolism of lipoproteins; may be caused by either elevated or decreased lipoprotein levels

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14
Q

lipids

A

fats found in all living cells that are a rich source of energy, are an efficient way for the body to store excess calories, and have a structural role in cells as an integral part of cell membranes

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15
Q

what lipids are transported by lipoproteins?

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, cholesteryl esters

16
Q

phospholipids

A

amphipathic lipids molecules that are found on the surface of lipoprotein molecules

17
Q

fatty acids

A

linear chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group

18
Q

what are most fatty acids in plasma a constituent of?

A

triglycerides and phospholipids

19
Q

what are triglycerides composed of?

A

three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone

20
Q

what are phospholipids composed of?

A

two esterified fatty acids and a phospholipid head group on a glycerol backbone

21
Q

cholesterol

A

an unsaturated steroid alcohol found on the surface of lipid layers; an amphipathic lipid synthesized almost exclusively by animals

22
Q

where is cholesterol synthesized?

A

in most tissues of the body from acetyl coenzyme a

23
Q

structure of lipoprotein

A
  • amphipathic cholesterol and phospholipid molecules are found on the surface of lipoproteins
  • hydrophobic and neutral triglyceride and cholesteryl ester molecules are found in central or core region
24
Q

what is the main role of lipoproteins?

A

to deliver fuel to peripheral cells