Lipids, Trace Elements, Vitamins Flashcards
lipoproteins
substances composed of lipids and proteins in varying concentrations
what are the major lipoproteins?
chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
chylomicrons
lipoprotein that contains apo B-48 and is the largest and least dense of the lipids and accounts for the turbidity in postprandial plasma
where are chylomicrons produced?
in the intestine from dietary lipids
what are chylomicrons mostly composed of?
triglycerides
what is the function of a chylomicron?
to transport dietary triglycerides throughout the circulatory system to peripheral tissues
where are VLDLs produced?
mainly by the liver
what is the function of VLDL?
to redistribute dietary and hepatic-synthesized triglycerides to peripheral cells mostly during fasting for energy needs or storage as fat
how is LDL formed?
from the lipolysis of VLDL
what is the function of LDL?
to deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells
how is HDL synthesized?
by the liver and intestine
what is the function of HDL?
removes excess cholesterol from peripheral cells for metabolism by the liver
atherosclerosis
disease in which there is an accumulation of lipid material in the veins and arteries, causing the arteries to narrow and harden
dyslipidemias
disease states associated with abnormal serum lipids usually caused by malfunction in synthesis, transport, or catabolism of lipoproteins; may be caused by either elevated or decreased lipoprotein levels
lipids
fats found in all living cells that are a rich source of energy, are an efficient way for the body to store excess calories, and have a structural role in cells as an integral part of cell membranes