Enzymology

Question 1

enzymes

Answer 1

specific proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the equilibrium point of the reaction or being consumed or changed in composition

Question 2

what makes an ideal enzyme?

Answer 2

easily measured, high degree of precision and accuracy, tissue/organ specific

Question 3

holoenzyme

Answer 3

the complete, active, enzyme complex that includes the apoenzyme with the coenzyme

Question 4

apoenzyme

Answer 4

protein portion of an enzyme

Question 5

coenzyme

Answer 5

organic cofactors needed for enzyme activity

Question 6

metalloenzyme

Answer 6

trace element associated with an enzyme as an essential component or cofactor

Question 7

isoenzyme

Answer 7

the forms of a particular enzyme that differ genetically

Question 8

cofactor

Answer 8

a nonprotein molecule that may be necessary for enzyme activity

Question 9

catalyst

Answer 9

substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

Question 10

substrate

Answer 10

molecule that an enzyme interacts with

Question 11

oxidoreductase

Answer 11

catalyze an oxidation-reduction reaction between two substrates

Question 12

transferase

Answer 12

catalyze the transfer of a group other than hydrogen from one substrate to another

Question 13

hydrolase

Answer 13

catalyze hydrolysis of various bonds

Question 14

lyase

Answer 14

catalyze removal of groups from substrates without hydrolysis; the product contains double bonds

Question 15

isomerase

Answer 15

catalyze the interconversion of geometric, optical, or positional isomers

Question 16

ligase

Answer 16

catalyze the joining of two substrate molecules, coupled with breaking of the pyrophosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)