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a. histology (danica) > 9 Circulatory system > Flashcards

9 Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues

A

arteries

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2
Q

facilitates interchange of nutrients/waste between blood and organ

A

capillaries

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3
Q

tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cell, and then back to the veins

A

capillaries

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4
Q

large vessel that handles high pressure, high volume blood flow exiting the ventricles

A

elastic artery

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5
Q

innermost lining of the heart and is the cardiac equivalent of the tunica intima

A

endocardium

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6
Q

highly specialized cell type that covers the luminal surface of a vascular structure

A

endothelial cells

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7
Q

outside surface of the heart is comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium

A

epicardium

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8
Q

Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system

A

lymphatics

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9
Q

Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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10
Q

Sac like structure that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

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11
Q

Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signals

A

purkinje fibers

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12
Q

outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves

A

tunica adventitia

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13
Q

middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle

A

tunica media

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14
Q

blood from the body back to the heart

A

veins

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15
Q

transport cells and dissolved materials including nutrients, wastes and gases

A

cardiovascular system

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16
Q

Transports oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply

A

pulmonary circulation

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17
Q

It returns oxygen rich blood and nutrients to the left atrium and is pumped out all over the body

A

systemic circulation

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18
Q

operates at considerably lower pressure to accommodate the oxygenation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries

A

pulmonary circulation

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19
Q

Blood circulation composition

A

arteries, arterioles, microcirculation such as capillaries and sinusoids, venules, and veins

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20
Q

serve to conduct high pressure blood to an organ

A

Arteries

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21
Q

which blood vessels are wider in diameter and have thicker walls

A

BV closer to the heart

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22
Q

BV that have thicker walls and smaller lumens

A

Arteries

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23
Q

Aside from oxygenated blood, what does the circulatory system carries for bodily functions

A

Hormones, WBC

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24
Q

innermost coat of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima

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25
Q

In blood vessels, the simple squamous lining cells epithelium is called

A

endothelium

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26
Q

most important component of the tunica intima and form the primary barrier between blood and tissue

A

endothelium

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27
Q

What supports the vascular endothelium forming the remainder of the tunica intima

A

Basement membrane and subendothelial layer

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28
Q

contained within the sub endothelium particularly important stimulus for platelet activation and adhesion

A

collagen

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29
Q

helps to stabilize cell and cell substrate interactions within vascular endothelium

A

fibronectin

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30
Q

middle portion of the vessel wall

A

tunica media

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31
Q

Due to considerable lower pressure, it has thin tunica media.

A

venous supply or veins

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32
Q

outermost layer of the vessel wall

A

tunica adventitia

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33
Q

Tunica adventitia has a vascular bed designed to perfuse the vessel wall itself

A

vasa vasorum

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34
Q

blood vessels that supply the tunica adventitia are called

A

vasa vasorum

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35
Q

much thicker than Veins because of the high pressure of blood coming from the heart

A

arteries

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36
Q

In arteries, it is extremely thick and is the primary constituent of the vessel wall

A

tunica media

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37
Q

highly specialized cell types and cover the luminal surface of the tunica intima

A

endothelium

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38
Q

lie closer to the heart and their primary function is to conduct blood to different areas of the body

A

elastic artery

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39
Q

a distributive function, serving to take blood to specific organs

A

muscular artery

40
Q

Regulation of blood flow to the capillary bed happens at the level of

A

metarteriole

41
Q

limit flow to the capillaries that cannot tolerate pressures normally encountered in the arterial system

A

precapillary sphincters

42
Q

allow blood to bypass regional capillaries

A

atriovenous anastomoses

43
Q

tunica adventitia is particularly prominent in

A

large caliber veins caudal vena cava

44
Q

Anastomoses arising in close proximity, and surrounded by a fibrous capsule, are referred to as a

A

glomus bodies

45
Q

contain a thick wall of helically arranged smooth muscle cells, with lesser quantities of elastin

A

muscular artery

46
Q

have the smallest diameter of the vascular system

A

capillaries

47
Q

loosely distributed around capillaries that are directly apposed to the basal lamina and are capable of transdifferentiating into different cell types

A

pericytes

48
Q

Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body cells, and then back to the veins

A

capillaries

49
Q

Pericytes can differentiate into

A

fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells

50
Q

most ubiquitous microcirculatory vessel in the body

A

continuous capillary

51
Q

Examples of continuous capillaries are found in

A

lungs, brain

52
Q

contain small cytoplasmic gaps and lie on an uninterrupted basal lamina

A

fenestrated capillaries

53
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are common in

A

endocrine glands, intestines

54
Q

are demonstrated in the glomerulus and allow the formation of the ultrafiltrate that ultimately becomes urine

A

porous capillaries

55
Q

Organs where sinusoids can be located

A

adrenal glands, liver, spleen, bone marrow

56
Q

containing many concentrically arranged, fenestrated elastin laminae and interspersed by smooth muscle cells and ground substances rich in proteoglycan

A

elastic artery

57
Q

in venules and veins, which layer is the thickest wall component

A

tunica adventitia

58
Q

have a particularly important function in inflammatory responses, contributing to fluid leakage and leukocyte diapedesis

A

post capillary venules

59
Q

have large gaps between endothelial cells, the basal lamina is either discontinuous or absent

A

sinusoids

60
Q

valve present in veins and venules to prevent retrograde flow

A

semilunar valves

61
Q

fluid that drains from the extracellular space of tissues

A

lymph

62
Q

more permeable than continuous capillaries, allowing easy transfer between the blood and interstitial fluid

A

fenestrated capillaries

63
Q

one circuit system until the two interconnected circulatory systems are comprised of the arteries and veins

A

lymph vessels

64
Q

Aside from ninety percent water, what are other substances present in plasma

A

glucose, hormones, enzymes, urea, lactic acid, proteins

65
Q

Morphological characteristics of RBC

A

No nucleus, contain hemoglobin, disk-shaped

66
Q

Locations where red bone marrow are produced

A

Ribs, Humerus, Femur, Sternum, other long bones

67
Q

more permeable and are capable of considerable rapid nutrient exchange

A

sinusoids

68
Q

Where are old RBC destroyed

A

liver, spleen

69
Q

cells defend against disease by recognizing proteins that do not belong to the body

A

WBC

70
Q

process of WBC oozing through the walls of capillaries to patrol the tissue and reach lymph system

A

diapedesis

71
Q

cell fragments used in blood clotting derived from megakaryocites

A

platelets or thrombocytes

72
Q

lifespan of platelets

A

10 days

73
Q

normally forms as capillary fluid passes out of the vessels, and is composed of water, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of plasma proteins

A

lymph fluid

74
Q

inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells

A

Rhesus Rh

75
Q

most common blood type

A

Rh positives

76
Q

pressure during heart contraction to push blood into arteries

A

systolic pressure

77
Q

pressure during heart relaxation as it refills

A

diastolic pressure

78
Q

A normal heart rhythm is called

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm

79
Q

abnormal heart rate or rhythm

A

tachycardia

80
Q

It is where heart electrical system starts with an electrical signal in the right atrium

A

SA node Sinoatrial node

81
Q

battery operated device placed in the body to produce electrical pulses that cause the heart to beat at a normal rate

A

pacemaker

82
Q

A single drop of blood contains how many RBC and WBC

A

250 millions RBC, 275,000 WBC

83
Q

sound of the valves in the heart closing as they push blood through its chambers

A

heartbeat

84
Q

muscular pump that propels blood at high pressure around the body through the blood vessels

A

heart

85
Q

3 layers of the heart starting inside

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

86
Q

simple squamous epithelium of the tunica adventitia layer is called

A

mesothelium

87
Q

tunica media layer of the heart is called the?

A

myocardium

88
Q

lines the atria and ventricles and covers the heart valves

A

endocardium

89
Q

two layered connective tissue sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

90
Q

simple squamous epithelium of the tunica adventitia layer of the heart mesothelium is also the visceral layer of the

A

serous pericardium

91
Q

outer pericardium

A

fibrous

92
Q

inner pericardium

A

serous

93
Q

largest of the three layers and contains cardiac muscles and loose endomysial connective tissue that contains lots of capillaries

A

myocardium

94
Q

space between 2 layers of pericardium

A

pericardial cavity

95
Q

Where impulses are generated which is found in the wall of superior vena cava

A

Sinoatrial node

96
Q

It starts impulse generation around the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular node

97
Q

lie in the deepest layer of the endocardium and supply the papillary muscles

A

purkinje fibers

a. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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