exam 4

Question 1

two people associated with development of cognitive therapy

Answer 1

aaron beck and albert ellis

Question 2

ellis’ abcde model

Answer 2

• activating event
• belief
• emotional consequence
• dispute
• effective new belief

Question 3

all or nothing thinking

Answer 3

irrationally evaluating everything either as wonderful or terrible

Question 4

catastrophizing

Answer 4

expecting the worst in the future, when it’s unlikely to occur

Question 5

magnification/minimization

Answer 5

for negative events: making everything a bigger deal
for positive events: playing down importance

Question 6

personalization

Answer 6

assuming excessive responsibility for negative events

Question 7

overgeneralization

Answer 7

applying lessons learned from negative experiences more broadly than warranted

Question 8

mind reading

Answer 8

presuming to know what others are thinking

Question 9

beck’s belief argument

Answer 9

our beliefs are hypotheses. a good way to expose a belief as illogical is to “put it to the test”

Question 10

goal of cognitive therapy

Answer 10

logical thinking
therapists believe that the way we think about events determines the way we will respond

Question 11

two-step model of emotions

Answer 11

event -> feeling

Question 12

three-step model of emotions

Answer 12

event -> cognition -> feeling
our interpretation influences our mood

Question 13

why is it helpful to label thoughts as illogical?

Answer 13

allows client to dismiss them and replace them with more adaptive and logical thoguhts

Question 14

homework in cognitive therapy

Answer 14

includes “experiments” in the form of homework. these assignments need to be carefully designed so they effectively refute illogical thoughts. if assignment confirms illogical beliefs, it could backfire

Question 15

typical structure of cognitive therapy session

Answer 15

1. check on client’s mood and solicit brief updates on recent events
2. set and confirm agenda for current session
3. establish link to previous session, often be reviewing previous homework assignment
4. progress thru body of session. proceeding step by step thru agenda
5. develop and assign new homework
6. summarize current session; solicit client feedback

Question 16

mindfulness approach

Answer 16

changing individual’s relationship to their thoughts rather than trying to change thoughts themselves

Question 17

acceptance and commitment therapy

Answer 17

• accepting one’s own inner experiences for what they are and nothing more
• choosing directions in life based on one’s core values which will enhance life’s meaning and purpose
• taking action in matters large and small that are consistent with one’s values

Question 18

does cognitive therapy work?

Answer 18

short answer yes

Question 19

dialectical behavior therapy

Answer 19

important skills taught include emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, mindfulness skills. originally used to treat BPD

Question 20

functionalism

Answer 20

family therapists believe that although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they are