Linguistics Flashcards
Jargon
The area of grammar concerned with grammar
Morphology
the smallest meaningful units in a language. A word like ‘meaningful’ has three _____ : ‘mean’, ‘ing’ and ‘ful’.
Morpheme
a _______ _____ can stand alone, i.e. a word, e.g. ‘mean’
A free Morpheme
The rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.
Syntax
[ ] [ ] happens when a speaker’s true intentions are hidden. Speakers will not make a direct statement or directly answer a question that might cause tension or result in an uncomfortable situation. They are more likely to say “maybe” or “possibly’ when the true answer is “no”.
Indirect communication
The social function of what is said; what a speaker does in uttering a sentence (e.g. stating, questioning, ordering, promising, apologizing, appointing, and so on).
Illocutionary act
The property of unity in a written text or a segment of spoken discourse that stems from links among its surface elements, as when words in one sentence are repeated in another, and esp. from the fact that some words or phrases depend for their interpretation upon material in preceding or following text, as in the sequence: “Be assured of this. Most people do not want to fight. However, they will do so when provoked,” where “this” refers to the two sentences that follow, “they” refers back to “most people,” “do so” substitutes for the preceding verb “fight,” and “however” relates the clause that follows to the preceding sentence.
Cohesion
the process of joining 2 or more words
These can be written in different ways:
a) with a space: sleeping bag, fire hydrant, cup holder
b) with a hyphen: pick-up truck
c) no separation: fireplace, cupcake
Compounding
A [ ] [ ] is a word which joins together two independent clauses which are both equally important, forming a compound sentence. There are seven: name them.
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) They are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
In the sentence “Maria’s hair is longer than Ichiko’s,” is the -er suffix in italics an example of an
inflectional or derivational morpheme? How do you know?
Inflectional since there is no category change, just a comparative change.
The name used by a particular group to refer to their own group. It is their name for themselves, their homeland, or their language. E.g. “Castellano” and “Español” vs. the exonym “Spanish.”
endonym or autonym
A speech feature such as stress, rhythm, tone, or word juncture that accompanies or is added over consonants and vowels; these features are not limited to single sounds but often extend over syllables, words, or phrases.
Suprasegmental, also called Prosodic Feature
adding prefixes and suffixes to a word is
Affixation
the process of changing the word class without any change to the form, e.g. to google something
Conversion
If a word is shortened,
phone ad exam gym flu lab math burger
rifle ( from rifle gun)Types of […]: back [], fore [], middle [] (flu) and complex [] ( sitcom). Shortened word does not change word class (part of speech), usage or meaning.
clipping / truncation
