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Oc anatomy 3 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Vertical vs horizontal
name the function and cells

A

Vertical
- transmit signal
-Photoreceptors
-Bipolar
-Ganglion
-“Peanut Butter Gelly”

horizontal
-modify signals
-horizontal
-amacrine

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2
Q

which one is is more abundant in number
ganglion or photoreceptors

A

photoreceptors - 100 million
ganglion - 1 million

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3
Q

what layers of the LGN are contralateral and ipsilateral

A

1 C
2 I
3 I
4 C
5 I
6 C

See I, I see, I see

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4
Q

each layer of the LGN receives input from what

LGN controls one hemifield

A

1 ganglion cells

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5
Q

where is true binocular vision found

A

visual cortex

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6
Q

inferior visual field goes to which gyrus

superior visual field goes to which gyrus

A

inferior - cuneus gyrus

superior - lingual gyrus

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7
Q

name the location of the brain that is affected for A and B

A

A. temporal
B. parietal

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8
Q

if there is damage to the superior temporal damage along the horizontal raphe what kind of defect would be present on a visual field test

A

inferior nasal step

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9
Q

inferior damage to the temporal nerve fibers causes what kind of defect on the visual field test

A

superior arcuate

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10
Q

defect located near fixation shows what kind of defect on visual field test

A

paracentral

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11
Q

describe what cortical blindness is caused by
VA looks like
how it presents in clinic

A

35% stroke
20% Coronary Artery bypass graft (CABG)

VA can be CF or worse
Pt may present normal in clinic with normal pupils

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12
Q

describe what charles bonnet syndrome is caused by
VA looks like
how it presents in clinic

A

pt having hullicinations that last minutes to hours without cognitive impairment

sensory deprivation to V1

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13
Q

what are eli peli prisms

A

they are prisms used for people with visual field defects

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14
Q

whats wider and darker
veins or arteries

A

veins

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15
Q

where does dot blot hemes occur

A

deep capillary bed in the inner nuclear layer

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16
Q

about what percent of people have SPV

A

81%

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17
Q

whats the normal AV ratio

A

2:3 or 3:4

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18
Q

what is the average width of central retinal vein

what is the clinical relevance for this

A

125 microns

drusen larger than this indicates end stage AMD

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19
Q

Parvo or Magnocellular?

excited by 1 wavelength

transient response
large receptive field
sensitive to high spatial frequency
slow transmission

A

excited by 1 wavelength
-parvo

transient response
-magno

large receptive field
-magno

sensitive to high spatial frequency
-parvo

slow transmission
-parvo

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20
Q

Which is under autonomic control

retina or choroid

A

choroid only

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21
Q

DM affects this cell around capillaries

A

pericytes contractile cells around capillaries

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22
Q

Name the retinal blood supply

A

outer 1/3 is choroid
inner 2/3 is CRA
- two capillary beds
1. deep Inner nuclear layer - dot blot heme
2. superficial RNFL - flame heme

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23
Q

ophthalmic artery comes from what artery

A

ICA

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24
Q

what major vessels are in cavernous sinus

A

3 4 V1 V2 internal carotid

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25
Q

what supplies 90 % of blood supply to orbit adnexa globe

A

ICA ophthalmic artery

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26
Q

what dz associated with cherry red spot and pale fundus

A

CRAO

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27
Q

where does the central retinal artery enter the optic nerve

A

1 cm posterior to globe

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28
Q

Long vs short ciliary artery

what doe each form

long is located in what space

A

long - MACI
located in suprachoroidal space

short- circle of zinn

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29
Q

AION is caused by what

what defect does it cause

A

low or no blood through ciliary arteries to ONH

altitudinal VF defect

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30
Q

MACI is formed by what

A

anterior ciliary art and Long posterior ciliary art

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31
Q

name 3 branches of ECA

A

superficial temporal
maxillary > infra orbital
facial

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32
Q

inf or superior vein

which one is the largest?

which one receives blood from CRV?

which one drains into the pterygoid venous plexus

A

inf or superior vein

which one is the largest? superior

which one receives blood from CRV?
-superior

which one drains into the pterygoid venous plexus
-inferior

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33
Q

vortex veins drain into?
how many are there?

A

drain into superior and inferior ophthalmic artery

4 or 5 of them

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34
Q

CRV exits ON where

A

1 cm behind lamina cribosa

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35
Q

Cavernous sinus drains into what

A

the petrosal sinuses then to internal jugular v

36
Q

what is a carotid cavernous sinus fistula

what sx

A

abn communication between artery and venous supply

corkskre BV increased IOP
no systemic implication
proptosis

37
Q

name flow of artery filling with fluorecein angiography

A

ICA > ophthalmic art? posterior ciliary >central retinal art

38
Q

name phases of fluorecein angiography

A

C- choroidal flush 10 seconds (check BRB)

A - arterial filling
E - early venous filling
A - arterial -venous filling
L - late venous filling
R - recirculation

39
Q

Cotton wool spots are located in what layer

A

RNFL

40
Q

what retinal dz is associated with “blood and thunder”

A

CRVO

41
Q

the eye first appears at what day

along the what?

forms what from what embronic tissue

A

day 22

diencephalon> neural tube> optic stalk optic vesicle

42
Q

what muscle appear first
what muscle appears next

A

muscles inv by nerve 3
LR
SO

43
Q

at birth K is usually how many D

A

50

44
Q

does anterior chamber form during embryonic or fetal

A

fetal

45
Q

trabecular meshwork is made of what

A

neural crest

46
Q

schlemms canal is made of what

A

mesoderm mesenchyme

47
Q

anterior chamber

-ciliary body and iris epithelium is made from what

A

anterior section of optic cup

48
Q

iris stroma is made of what emb tissue

A

neural crest

49
Q

sphincter and dilator made of what emb tissue

A

neuroectoderm

50
Q

Trab mesh work made of
ciliary body made of what emb tissue

A

neural crest cells
neuroectoderm

51
Q

what seperates and extend the angle during emb devel

A

trab and ciliary body

52
Q

what continues to slide backward for one year after birth? what tissue are they made of

A

ciliary body (neuroectoderm)
and iris (neuroectoderm and stroma is made of neural crest cells)

53
Q

ciliary body is made from what embr tissue
what about ciliary muscle

A

ciliary body is made of neuroectoderm
ciliary muscle is made of neural crest cells

54
Q

causes of congental GLC

A
  1. premature cessation of angle devel
  2. disruption of differentiation of TM
  3. TM strands are too thick and strong holding angles shut
    tx with surgery
    7-8 mo gestation
55
Q

what happens after lens vesicle detaches ? what does this form

A

surface ectoderm invaginates again after lens vesicle detatches and forms cornea and eye lids

56
Q

basal lamina of the surface ectoderm lies on the outer lens vesicle and then becomes the

A

capsule of the lens

57
Q

what cells migrate to the equator to form lens

A

anterior cellsi

58
Q

Lens formation happens during what phase embryonic or fetal

A

embryonic

59
Q

anterior chamber formation happens during what phase embryonic or fetal

A

fetal

60
Q

infection during this stage causes cataracts

A

embryonic lens development

61
Q

during lens fetal development, what extends where

A

secondary fibers extend to anterior and posterior poles

62
Q

hyaloid artery done developing at the end of _________ period

A

embryonic

63
Q

what pushing the primary vitreaus and hyaloid vascular system into cloquets canal

A

secondary vit

64
Q

hyaloid art is made of what

A

mesenchym hyaloid artery

65
Q

what is bergmeisters papillae

A

remnant of haloid art not fully detatched from optic nerve

66
Q

what is persistent hyperplastic primary vit PHPV

A

primary or hyaloid artery did not fully degenerate into cloquests leads to block of visual axis and vision degregation and secondary glc

67
Q

vessles from the optic nerve head span to perihery during what stage embryonic or fetal

what concludes first
nasal or temporal ora serrata

A

fetal
nasal first since its closer

68
Q

what is retino pathy of prematurity

A

vascularization not complete tx with monitoring cryotherapy

69
Q

what causes coloboma

A

inferior nasal section of the optic cup and stalk seals in embryonic stage but failure to close = this

70
Q

rpe is made of what emb tissue

A

neuroectoderm

71
Q

foveal pit developes when

A

11 15 mo after birth fetal stade

72
Q

when does rpe and neuroretina stop mitotic division

A

by birth due to large oxygen concentration

73
Q

ocular albinism causes what to the macula

A

binocular problems due to abn projections through optic nerve to LGN binocular
under developed macula

74
Q

choroid and sclera is made of what emb tissue

A

mesenchym

75
Q

ciliary body embry tissue ….
epithelium -
muscle -

A

ciliary body embry tissue ….
epithelium - neuroectoderm
muscle - neural crest

76
Q

iris embry tissue ….
anterior/posterior pigment epithelium -
iris sphincter dilator-
iris stroma -

A

iris embry tissue ….
anterior/posterior pigment epithelium - neuroectoderm
iris sphincter dilator- neuroectoderm
iris stroma - neural crest

77
Q

why is visual electrophysiology and electrodiagnostic testing done

A

to see difference between retina or optic nerve issues

78
Q

full feild Electroretinogram ERG

sensitive to what disorders

looking at what

A

tells us if rod or cone issue

oscilatory potential sensitive to vascular and inflammatory dz

a wave is cone b wave is rod

test for inherited ret dz
infectios/ inflamatory ret

looking at amplitude and timing

79
Q

Multifocal ERG

how does it differ from ffERG

A

pt must fixate

looks for localized changes

outer retina conditions

80
Q

pattern ERG

tests what

A

ganglion cell function

81
Q

Visual evoked potentioals VEP

large peak is at what ms

A

checks time it takes from signal to fo from retina to visual cortex

ON dz
functional vision loss or malingering

~ 100 ms p100

82
Q

what test is age dependent

A

VEP

83
Q

what test does not predict visual acuity

A

VEP

84
Q

Electro oculogram (EOG)

checks for what layer of ret

used for

A

RPE and outer ret
dark and light adapt

dz rpe and PR
Bets Dz Vitelliform Maculopathy

85
Q

what test takes advandage of difference in electrical potential between posterior and anterior of eye

A

EOG

86
Q

what is the normal value for EOG Arden ratio

A

> 1.8

87
Q

Vitelliform i solid rased area above what layer of the retina

in ou or just one eye

A

RPE
bilateral
symetrical

Oc anatomy 3 (3 decks)

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