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WJEC A-Level History Tsarist and Communist Russia 1881-1989 > Theme 1 - Emergence of Stalin as Sole leader of Russia > Flashcards

Theme 1 - Emergence of Stalin as Sole leader of Russia Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Stalin an unlikely leader

A
  • Stalin was an unlikey successor to lenin because he was a:
  • Poor Orator
  • Street Thug
  • Not a member of the intellencia
  • Had a thick georgian accent so was seen as foreign
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2
Q

What was Stalin’s role in the revolution

A
  • During the revolution Stalin robbed banks to finance Bolshevism
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3
Q

When did zinoviev and Kaminev attack trotsky

A
  • 1924
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4
Q

Describe the battle between Zinoviev + Kamineiv and Trotsky? What did Stalin do?

A
  • Zinoview and Kaminev questioned Trotsky’s loyalty prior to 1917
  • Trotsky repsonded by question Zinoviev & Kaminev’s unwillingness to back the october revolution
  • Stalin acted as peacemaker and continued to build his power base
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5
Q

What was Stalin’s view of Socalism

A
  • “Socalism in one country”
  • Proved popular with party members
  • Appealed to theose in favour of NEP
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6
Q

When did Stalin forge and alliance with the right, and who with particulary?

A
  • 1925
  • Forged an alliance with Bukarin after watching the left of the party tear itself apart
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6
Q

Who opposed Stalin in 1925? What happened?

A
  • Zinviev and Kaminev attacked Stalin in 1925
  • Pressed for vote of no - confidence in Stalin and NEP
  • Lost vote as Stalin had control of the delegates
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7
Q

When was the “United opposition” formed

A
  • 1926
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8
Q

Who was in the “United oppostion”

A
  • Zinoviev, Kaminev and Trostky
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9
Q

Why was the “United Opposition” a retarded idea

A
  • Lenin banned factions in 1921
  • AND THEY LITTERALLY MADE A FACTION
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10
Q

When were Zinoview, Kaminev and Trostsky expelled for “Factionalism”
- SHOCK HorROR

A
  • 1927
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11
Q

When did Stalin turn against the NEP and advocate for rapid industrialation (THE GREAT TURN)

A
  • 1928
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12
Q

Who launched a strong defense of the NEP? What was the outcome

A
  • Bukarin
  • Was outvoted in 1929
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13
Q

When were the last of Stalin’s oppositions removed from Politburo

A
  • Bukarin, Ryhov and Tomsky removed from Politburo
  • Nov 1929
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14
Q

Why did stalin resort to purges?

A
  • In the 1930’s discontent with collectivation and industrialisation was increasing
  • Old Bolsheviks horrified about treatment of the peasants
  • Rumours about an attempt to replace Stalin
  • Kirov was seen as a popular alternative - recieved a standing ovation for a speech advocating a more moderate approach
  • Some calls for trostsky to be reinstated
  • Stalin was growing Paranoid about assasination
  • Beleived he was the only one who could modernise the USSR
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15
Q

What happend at the 17th Party congress

A

1934
- - Stalin was “demoted” from General secretary to secretary of equal rank
- May have supported this to spread responsibility for economic crisis
- In theory no more important than other members e.g Kirov

16
Q

When was Kirov Killed

A
  • December 1934
17
Q

What happened immedietly after Kirov’s death

A
  • Stalin claimed a trotskyite conspiracy lead by Zinoviev to overthrow the party
  • Day after Kirov’s death - Yagonda empowered to arrest & execute anyone guilty of “terrorist plotting”
  • 6500 people arrested under this law in December
18
Q

When did Stalin arrest other members of the Party

A
  • January 1935
19
Q

When was the Trial of the 16

A
  • 1936
20
Q

Who were the main defendants of the trial of the 16

A
  • Zinoviev and Kaminev
21
Q

What were the defendants in the trial of the 16 charged with

A
  • Murder of Kirov, Disruption of the 5yr plan; conspiracy to overthrow the statw
22
Q

What was the outcome of the Trial of the 16

A
  • Sentanced to death
  • “Shoot the mad dogs - every last one of them”
  • Judge Vyshinsky
23
Q

When was the trial of the 17

A
  • 1937
24
Q

Who were the main defendants in the trail of the 17

A
  • Trostky and other allies
25
Q

What were the defendants of the trail of the 17 charged with

A
  • Plotting to overthrow the state; terrorism; sabotage
26
Q

What was the sentances for the trial of the 17

A
  • 13 of 17 executed
  • Remaining 4 sent to gulags
27
Q

When was the Trial of the 21

A
  • 1938
28
Q

Who were the main defendants in the trial of the 21

A
  • Bukaharin, Ryhov and “accomplices”
29
Q

What were the defendants in the trial of the 21 charged with

A
  • Overthrow of Socialism
  • Murder of Kirov
  • Attempted assasination of lenin
30
Q

What was the outcome of the Trial of the 21

A
  • Sentenced to death
  • “Foul smelling heap of human garbage” - Judge Vyshinsky
31
Q

When was Yezhov arrested? What was the outcome

A
  • Feb 1940
  • Shot
32
Q

When was Trotsky killed

A
  • 1940
  • Mexico City
33
Q

What had stalin achieved by 1940

A
  • Everyone with a greater claim to power had been removed
  • He quashed sentences and restored faith in the system
  • Blamed Yezov for the terror
  • Had absolute control over the state and its people

WJEC A-Level History Tsarist and Communist Russia 1881-1989 (22 decks)

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