Bone Tumours Flashcards
small round blue cell tumour
seen mainly in children and adolescents
occurs most frequently in the pelvis and long bones. Tends to cause severe pain
associated with t(11;22) translocation which results in an EWS-FLI1 gene product
x-ray shows ‘onion skin’ appearance.
IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT?
Ewing’s Sarcoma
most common primary malignant bone tumour
seen mainly in children and adolescents
occurs most frequently in the metaphyseal region of long bones prior to epiphyseal closure, with 40% occuring in the femur, 20% in the tibia, and 10% in the humerus
x-ray shows Codman triangle (from periosteal elevation) and ‘sunburst’ pattern
association with retinoblastoma)
Paget’s disease of the bone and radiotherapy
WHAT DOES THIS INDICATE?
Osteosarcoma
malignant tumour of cartilage
most commonly affects the axial skeleton
more common in middle-age
What does this indicate ?
Chondrosarcoma
Examples of Malignant Bone Tumours?
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Examples of Benign Bone Tumour?
Osteoma
Osteochondroma
Giant Cell Tumour
tumour of multinucleated giant cells within a fibrous stroma
peak incidence: 20-40 years
occurs most frequently in the epiphyses of long bones
X-ray shows a ‘double bubble’ or ‘soap bubble’ appearance
What does this case?
Giant Cell Tumour
most common benign bone tumour
more in males, usually diagnosed in patients aged < 20 years
cartilage-capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone
What does this indicate?
Osteochondroma
benign ‘overgrowth’ of bone, most typically occuring on the skull
associated with Gardner’s syndrome (a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, FAP)
What does this indicate?
Osteoma
What do you see in the xray of osteosarcoma?
Codman’s triangle and sunburst pattern
Management of Osteochondroma?
It is the only benign bone tumour that can be left alone.
