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Information System > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

is the use of the Internet and other networks and information technologies to
support e-commerce, enterprise communications and collaboration, and Web-enabled
business processes, both within a networked enterprise and with its customers and
business partners.

A

e-Business

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2
Q

includes e-commerce, which involves the buying and selling and marketing
and servicing of products, services, and information over the Internet and other networks.

A

E-business

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3
Q

Many companies today are using information technology to develop ___________ that cross the boundaries of traditional business functions in order to reengineer and improve vital business processes all across the enterprise.

A

integrated cross-functional enterprise systems

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4
Q

These organizations view cross-functional enterprise systems as a strategic way to use IT to share information resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, and develop strategic relationships with customers, suppliers, and business
partners.

A

Cross-Functional Enterprise Applications

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5
Q

Companies first moved from ___________ to integrated
cross-functional client/server applications. This typically involved installing enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, or customer relationship management
software from SAP America, PeopleSoft, Oracle, and others.

A

functional mainframe-based legacy systems

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6
Q

Instead of focusing on the information processing requirements of business functions, such enterprise software focuses on supporting integrated clusters of business processes involved in the operations of a business.

A

Cross-Functional Enterprise Applications

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7
Q

Companies are using the ______ and ____________ as a technology platform for their cross-functional and inter enterprise information systems.

A

World Wide Web

their intranets and extranets

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8
Q

an _________, which illustrates the
interrelationships of the major cross-functional enterprise applications that many companies have or are installing today.

A

enterprise application architecture

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9
Q

It provides a conceptual framework to help us visualize the basic components, processes, and interfaces of these major e-business applications, and their interrelationships to each other.

A

Enterprise application architecture

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10
Q

This____ also spotlights the roles these business systems play in supporting the customers, suppliers, partners, and employees of a business

A

application architecture

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11
Q

concentrates on the efficiency of a firm’s internal production, distribution, and financial processes.

A

enterprise resource planning (ERP)

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12
Q

focuses on acquiring and retaining profitable customers via marketing, sales, and service processes.

A

Customer relationship management (CRM)

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13
Q

aims to acquire and retain partners who can enhance the sale and distribution of a firm’s products and services.

A

Partner relationship management (PRM)

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14
Q

focuses on developing the most efficient and effective sourcing and procurement processes with suppliers for the products and services that a business needs.

A

Supply chain management (SCM)

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15
Q

applications provide a firm’s employees with tools that support group collaboration and decision support.

A

Knowledge management (KM)

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16
Q

software is being used by many companies to connect their major e-business applications.

A

Enterprise application integration (EAI) software

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17
Q

enables users to model the business processes involved in the interactions
that should occur between business applications

A

EAI software

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18
Q

also provides middleware that performs data conversion and coordination, application communication and messaging services, and access to the application interfaces involved.

A

EAI

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19
Q

can integrate a variety of enterprise application clusters by letting them exchange data according to rules derived from the business process models developed by users.

A

EAI software

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20
Q

can integrate the front-office and back-office applications of a business so
they work together in a seamless, integrated way.

A

EAI software

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21
Q

This is a vital capability that provides real business value to a business enterprise that
must respond quickly and effectively to business events and customer demands.
- For example, the integration of enterprise application clusters has been shown to
dramatically improve customer call center responsiveness and effectiveness.

A

EAI software

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22
Q

integrates access to all of the customer and product data that
customer representatives need to quickly serve customers.

A

EAI

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23
Q

also streamlines sales order processing so products and services can be delivered
faster

A

EAI

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24
Q

improves customer and supplier experience with the business because of its
responsiveness.

A

EAI

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25
Q

are cross-functional information systems that process data resulting from the occurrence of business transactions

A

Transaction processing systems (TPS)

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26
Q

are events that occur as part of doing business, such as sales, purchases, deposits, withdrawals, refunds, and payments.

A

Transactions

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27
Q

Data about the customer, product, salesperson, store, and so on, must be captured and processed

A

Transaction Processing Systems

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28
Q

This need prompts additional transactions, such as credit checks, customer billing, inventory changes, and increases in accounts receivable balances, which generate even more data.

A

Transaction Processing Systems

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29
Q

are needed to capture and process such data, or the operations of a business would grind to a halt

A

transaction processing activities

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30
Q

play a vital role in supporting the operations of most companies today

A

transaction processing systems

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31
Q

play a strategic role in Web-enabled businesses

A

Online transaction processing systems

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32
Q

Many firms are using the Internet and other networks that tie them electronically to their
customers or suppliers for
___________

A

online transaction processing (OLTP)

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33
Q

Such real-time systems, which capture and process transactions immediately, can help
firms provide superior service to customers and other trading partners.
- This capability adds value to their products and services, and thus gives them an important
way to differentiate themselves from their competitors.

A

Transaction Processing Systems

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34
Q

use a five cycle of data entry, transaction processing, database maintenance, document and report generation, and inquiry processing activities

A

transaction processing cycle

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35
Q

The first step of the transaction processing cycle is the capture of business data.

  • For example, transaction data may be collected by point-of-sale terminals using optical scanning of bar codes and credit card readers at a retail store or other business.
  • Transaction data can also be captured at an e-commerce Web site on the Internet.
  • The proper recording and editing of data so they are quickly and correctly captured for processing is one of the major design challenges of information systems.
A

Data Entry

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36
Q

Transaction processing systems process data in two basic ways:

A

Batch processing

real-time processing

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37
Q

, where transaction data are accumulated over a period of time
and processed periodically

A

batch processing

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38
Q

(also called online processing), where data are processed
immediately after a transaction occurs.

A

real-time processing

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39
Q

All ____________ incorporate real-time processing capabilities

A

online transaction processing systems

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40
Q

Many online systems also depend on the capabilities of __________ computer systems that can continue to operate even if parts of the system fail.

A

fault tolerant

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41
Q
  • An organization’s databases must be updated by its transaction processing systems so that they are always correct and up-to-date.
  • Therefore, transaction processing systems serve to assist in maintaining the corporate databases of an organization to reflect changes resulting from day-to-day business transactions.
  • For example, credit sales made to customers will cause customer account balances to be
    increased and the amount of inventory on hand to be decreased.
  • Database maintenance ensures that these and other changes are reflected in the data records stored in the company’s databases.
A

Database Maintenance

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42
Q
  • Transaction processing systems produce a variety of documents and reports.
  • Examples of transaction documents include purchase orders, paychecks, sales receipts, invoices, and customer statements.
  • Transaction reports might take the form of a transaction listing such as a payroll register, or edit reports that describe errors detected during processing.
A

Document and Report Generation

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43
Q
  • Many transaction processing systems allow us to use the Internet, intranets, extranets, and Web browsers or database management query languages to make inquiries and receive responses concerning the results of transaction processing activity.
  • Typically, responses are displayed in a variety of prespecified formats or screens.
  • For example, one might check on the status of a sales order, the balance in an account, or the amount of stock in inventory and receive immediate responses at your PC.
A

Inquiry Processing

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44
Q

are cross-functional information systems that enhance communication, coordination, and collaboration among the members of business teams and workgroups.

A

Enterprise collaboration systems (ECS)

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45
Q

The goal of enterprise collaboration systems is to enable us to work together more easily
and effectively by helping us to:

A

communicate
coordinate
collaborate

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46
Q

Share information with each other.

A

Communicate

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47
Q

Organize our individual work efforts and use of resources.

A

Coordinate

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48
Q

Work together cooperatively on joint projects and assignments.

A

Collaborate

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49
Q

may use PC workstations networked to a variety of servers on which project,
corporate, and other databases are stored.

A

ECS

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50
Q

network servers may provide a variety of software resources, such as Web browsers, groupware, and application packages, to assist the team’s collaboration until the project is completed.

A

ECS

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51
Q

Tools for enterprise collaboration

A

-electronic communication tools
-electronic conferencing tools
-collaborative work management tools

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52
Q

include e-mail, voice mail, faxing, Web publishing, bulletin board systems, paging, and Internet phone systems.

A

. Electronic communication tools

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53
Q

These tools enable us to send electronically messages, documents, and files in data, text,
voice, or multimedia over computer networks.

A

. Electronic communication tools

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54
Q

This helps us share everything from voice and text messages to copies of project documents and data files with our team members, wherever they may be.

A

Electronic communication tools

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55
Q

The ease and efficiency of such communications are major contributors to the collaboration process.

A

Electronic communication tools

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56
Q

Help people communicate and collaborate as they work together

A

Electronic conferencing tools

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57
Q

A variety of conferencing methods enable the members of teams and workgroups at different locations to exchange ideas interactively at the same time, or at different times at their convenience

A

Electronic conferencing tools

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58
Q

These include data and voice conferencing, videoconferencing, chat systems, and discussion forums.

A

Electronic conferencing tools

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59
Q

Electronic conferencing options also include __________ and other _________ where team members can meet at the same time and place in a ________ setting, or use the Internet to work collaboratively anywhere in the world.

A

electronic meeting systems

group support systems

decision room

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60
Q

Help people accomplish or manage group work activities

A

Collaborative work management tools

61
Q

This category of software includes calendaring and scheduling tools, task and project management, workflow systems, and knowledge management tools.

A

Collaborative work management tools

62
Q

Other tools for joint work, such as joint document creation, editing, and revision, are found in the software suites.

A

Collaborative work management tools

63
Q

As a business professional, it is important that one has a specific understanding of how
information systems affect a particular business function (e.g., marketing) or a particular
industry (e.g., banking) that is directly related to his career objectives

A

IT in business

64
Q

Functional Business systems

A

Marketing
Human Resource Management
Finance
Accounting
Production/ Operations

65
Q

The business function of marketing is concerned with the planning, promotion, and sale
of existing products in existing markets, and the development of new products and new
markets to better attract and serve present and potential customers.

A

Marketing systems

66
Q

performs an essential function in the operation of a business enterprise

A

marketing

67
Q

Business firms have increasingly turned to information technology to help them perform
vital marketing functions in the face of the rapid changes of today’s environment

A

marketing systems

68
Q

is a customer-focused marketing process that is based on using the
Internet, intranets, and extranets to establish two-way transactions between a business and its customers or potential customers

A

Interactive marketing

69
Q

The goal of ___________ is to enable a company to use those networks profitably to attract and keep customers who will become partners with the business in creating, purchasing, and improving products and services

A

interactive marketing

70
Q

in ________customers are not just passive participants who receive media
advertising prior to purchase; they are actively engaged in network-enabled proactive and interactive processes

A

interactive marketing

71
Q

encourages customers to become involved in product development,
delivery, and service issues.

A

Interactive marketing

72
Q

This is enabled by various Internet technologies, including chat and discussion groups, Web forms and questionnaires, instant messaging, and e-mail correspondence.

A

Interactive Marketing

73
Q

the expected outcomes of ____________are a rich mixture of vital marketing data, new product ideas, volume sales, and strong customer relationships.

A

interactive marketing

74
Q

has become an important tool in developing advertising and promotion strategies to strengthen a company’s e-commerce initiatives, as well as its traditional business venues.

A

Targeted marketing

75
Q

is in the digital arena, with a new way of doing something old.

A

Targeted marketing

76
Q

is an advertising and promotion management concept that includes five targeting components

A

Targeted marketing

77
Q

five targeting components of targeted marketing

A

Community
Content
Context
Demographic/ Psychographic
Online behavior

78
Q

Companies can customize their Web advertising messages and promotion methods to appeal to people in specific communities

A

communities

79
Q

They can be communities of interest, such as virtual communities of online sporting
enthusiasts, or arts and crafts hobbyists, or geographic communities formed by the
Web sites of a city or other local organization.

A

community

80
Q

Advertising, such as electronic billboards or banners, can be placed on a variety
of selected Web sites, in addition to a company’s Web site.

A

content

81
Q

The content of these messages is aimed at the targeted audience.
- An ad for a product campaign on the opening page of an Internet search engine is
a typical example.

A

content

82
Q

Advertising appears only in Web pages that are relevant to the content of a product
or service

A

context

83
Q

Web marketing efforts can be aimed only at specific types or classes of people: for example, unmarried, twenty-something, middle income, male college graduates.

A

demographic/ psychographic

84
Q

Advertising and promotion efforts can be tailored to each visit to a site by an
individual

A

Online behavior

85
Q

This strategy is based on a variety of tracking techniques, such as Web “cookie” files recorded on the visitor’s disk drive from previous visits.

A

online behavior

86
Q

This enables a company to track a person’s online behavior at its Web site so marketing efforts (such as coupons redeemable at retail stores or e-commerce Web sites) can be targeted to that individual at each visit to its Web site.

A

online behavior

87
Q

Increasingly, computers and the Internet are providing the basis for _________.

A

sales force automation

88
Q

In many companies, the sales force is being outfitted with notebook computers, Web browsers, and sales contact management software that connect them to marketing Web sites on the Internet, extranets, and their company intranets

A

Sales Force Automation

89
Q

This not only increases the personal productivity of salespeople, but it dramatically speeds up the capture and analysis of sales data from the field to marketing managers at company headquarters.

A

Sales Force Automation

90
Q

In return, it allows marketing and sales management to improve the delivery of information and the support they provide to their salespeople.

A

Sales Force Automation

91
Q

Therefore, many companies are viewing ___________ as a way to gain a strategic advantage in sales productivity and marketing responsiveness.

A

sales force automation

92
Q

support the production/operations function that includes all activities concerned with the planning and control of the processes producing
goods or services.

A

Manufacturing information systems

93
Q

Thus, the production/operations function is concerned with the management of the operational processes and systems of all business firms.

A

Manufacturing Systems

94
Q

Information systems used for operations management and transaction processing support all firms that must plan, monitor, and control inventories, purchases, and the flow of goods and services.

A

manufacturing systems

95
Q

Therefore, firms such as transportation companies, wholesalers, retailers, financial institutions, and service companies must use production/operations information systems to plan and control their operations

A

manufacturing systems

96
Q

A variety of manufacturing information systems, many of them Web-enabled, are used to support ___________.

A

computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

97
Q

is an overall concept that emphasizes that the objectives of computer-based systems in manufacturing must be to

A

CIM

98
Q

(reengineer) production processes, product designs, and factory organization as a vital foundation to automation and integration.

A

Simplify

99
Q

production processes and the business functions that support them with computers, machines, and robots.

A

Automate

100
Q

all production and support processes using computer networks, cross functional business software, and other information technologies.

A

Integrate

101
Q

The overall goal of _______ and such manufacturing information systems is to create flexible, agile, manufacturing processes that efficiently produce products of the highest quality

A

CIM

102
Q

CIM supports the concepts of ________, ________, and ___________.

A

flexible manufacturing systems

agile manufacturing

total quality management

103
Q

Implementing such manufacturing concepts enables a company to respond to and fulfill
customer requirements quickly with high-quality products and services.

A

CIM

104
Q

______help companies simplify, automate, and integrate
many of the activities needed to produce products of all kinds.

A

Manufacturing information systems

105
Q

They are also used to help plan the types of material needed in the production process, which is called _______, and to integrate MRP with production scheduling and shop floor operations, which is known as ____________.

A

material requirements planning (MRP)

manufacturing resource planning.

106
Q

-These systems are those that automate the production process.

A

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

107
Q

These are performance-monitoring information systems for factory floor operations.

A

Manufacturing execution systems (MES)

108
Q

They monitor, track, and control the five essential components involved in a production process: materials, equipment, personnel, instructions and specifications, and production facilities.

A

Manufacturing execution systems (MES)

109
Q

includes shop floor scheduling and control, machine control, robotics control, and process control systems.

A

Manufacturing execution systems (MES)

110
Q

These manufacturing systems monitor, report, and adjust the status and performance of production components to help a company achieve a flexible, high-quality manufacturing process.

A

Manufacturing execution systems (MES)

111
Q

This is the use of computers to control an ongoing physical process.

A

Process control

112
Q

_______ control physical processes in petroleum refineries, cement plants, steel mills, chemical plants, food product manufacturing plants, pulp and paper mills, electric power plants, and so o

A

Process control computers

113
Q

requires the use of special sensing devices that measure physical phenomena such as temperature or pressure changes.

A

process control computer system

114
Q

These continuous physical measurements are converted to digital form by analog-to-digital converters and relayed to computers for processing.

A

Process control

115
Q

This is the use of computers to control the actions of machines

A

Machine control

116
Q

This is also popularly called numerical control.

A

Machine control

117
Q

The computer-based control of machine tools to manufacture products of all kinds is a typical numerical control application used by many factories throughout the
world.

A

Machine control

118
Q

____________function involves the recruitment, placement, evaluation, compensation, and development of the employees of an organization.

A

The human resource management (HRM)

119
Q

The goal of __________ is the effective and efficient use of the human resources of a company.

A

human resource management

120
Q

human resource information systems (HRIS) are designed to support:

A

a. planning to meet the personnel needs of the business,
b. development of employees to their full potential, and
c. control of all personnel policies and programs.

121
Q

businesses used computer-based information systems to:

A

a. produce paychecks and payroll reports,
b. maintain personnel records, and
c. analyze the use of personnel in business operations

122
Q

Many firms have gone beyond these traditional personnel management functions and
have developed human resource information systems that also support:

A

a. recruitment, selection, and hiring;
b. job placement;
c. performance appraisals;
d. employee benefits analysis;
e. training and development; and
f. health, safety, and security

123
Q
  • The Internet has become a major force for change in human resource management.
  • For example, online HRM systems may involve recruiting for employees through recruitment sections of corporate Web sites.
  • Companies are also using commercial recruiting services and databases on the World Wide Web, posting messages in selected Internet newsgroups, and communicating with job applicants via email.
  • The Internet has a wealth of information and contacts for both employers and job hunters. Top Websites for job hunters and employers on the World Wide Web include Monster.com, HotJobs.com, and CareerBuilder.com.
  • These Websites are full of reports, statistics, and other useful HRM information, such as job reports by industry, or listings of the top recruiting markets by industry and profession.
A

HRM and the Internet

124
Q

_______ allow companies to process most common HRM applications over their corporate intranets.

A

Intranet technologies

125
Q

allow the HRM department to provide around-the-clock services to their customers: the employees.

A

Intranets

126
Q

They can also disseminate valuable information faster than through previous company
channels.

A

Intranets

127
Q

can collect information online from employees for input to their HRM files, and they can enable managers and other employees to perform HRM tasks with little intervention by the HRM department.

A

Intranets

128
Q

Through this completely electronic process, employees can use their Web browsers to look up individual payroll and benefits information online, right from their desktop PCs, mobile computers, or intranet kiosks located around a work site.

A

Intranet

129
Q

Another benefit of the ___ is that it can serve as a superior training tool

A

intranet

130
Q

The _________ eliminates the need to loan out and track training videos.

A

intranet

131
Q

are the oldest and most widely used information systems
in business

A

Accounting information systems

132
Q

They record and report business transactions and other economic events.

A

Accounting Systems

133
Q

record and report the flow of funds through an organization on a historical basis and produce important financial statements such as balance sheets and income statements.

Such systems also produce forecasts of future conditions such as projected financial statements and financial budgets.

A

Computer-based accounting systems

134
Q

____________ emphasize legal and historical record-keeping and the
production of accurate financial statements.

  • Typically, these systems include transaction processing systems such as order processing, inventory control, accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll, and general ledger systems
A

Operational accounting systems

135
Q

______ focus on the planning and control of business
operations.
- They emphasize cost accounting reports, the development of financial budgets and projected financial statements, and analytical reports comparing actual to forecasted performance

A

Management accounting systems

136
Q

COMMON BUSINESS ACCOUNTING SYSYEMS

A

Order Processing
Inventory Control
Accounts receivable
Accounts payable
Payroll
General Ledger

137
Q

Captures and process customer orders and produces data for inventory control and accounts receivable.

A

Order processing

138
Q

Process data reflecting changes in inventory and provides shipping and reorder information

A

Inventory control

139
Q

Records amounts owed by customers and produces customer invoices, monthly customer statements, and credit management reports.

A

Account receivable

140
Q

records purchases from, amounts owed to, and payments to suppliers, and produces cash management reports

A

Accounts payable

141
Q

records employee work and compensation data and produces paychecks and other payroll documents and reports.

A

Payroll

142
Q

Consolidates data from other accounting systems and produces the periodic financial statements and reports of the business.

A

General ledger

143
Q

-The accounting information systems nowadays are being transformed by Internet technologies.
- The interactive nature of online accounting systems calls for new forms of transaction documents, procedures, and controls.

  • This particularly applies to systems like order processing, inventory control, accounts receivable, and accounts payable.
  • These systems are directly involved in the processing of transactions between a business
    and its customers and suppliers
A

Online Accounting Systems

144
Q

Computer-based financial management systems support business managers and professionals in decisions concerning

A
  1. the financing of a business and
  2. the allocation and control of financial resources within a business.
145
Q

Major financial management system categories

A

Cash and investments management
Capital budgeting
Financial forecasting
Financial planning

146
Q

involves evaluating the profitability and financial impact of proposed capital expenditures. Long-term expenditure proposals for facilities and equipment can be analyzed using a variety of return on investment (ROI) evaluation techniques. This application makes heavy use of spreadsheet models that incorporate present value analysis of expected cash flows and probability analysis of risk to determine the optimum mix of capital projects for a business.

A

capital budgeting process

147
Q

Financial analysts also typically use electronic spreadsheets and other _____ software to evaluate the present and projected financial performance of a business.

  • They also help determine the financing needs of a business and analyze alternative methods of financing.
A

financial planning

148
Q

Financial analysts use _________ concerning the economic situation, business operations, types of financing available, interest rates, and stock and bond prices to develop an optimal financing plan for the business.

A

financial forecasts

149
Q

can be used to build and manipulate financial models

A

Electronic spreadsheet packages
DSS software
Web-based groupware

Information System (9 decks)

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