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4 Craniofacial biology > Developmental Anomalies > Flashcards

Developmental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypodontia?

A

missing teeth as a result of them failing to develop

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2
Q

what is anodontia?

A

total lack of teeth

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3
Q

what is oligodontia?

A

more than 6 teeth are absent

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4
Q

what are supernumeries?

A

extra teeth

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5
Q

what is a mesiodens?

A

extra tooth in the midline
normally peg shaped

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6
Q

what are suplemental teeth?

A

extral teeth that look like normal teeth

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7
Q

what is a conical supernumery?

A

extra tooth that looks like a cone, can be inverted and migrate

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8
Q

what is a tuberculate supernumery?

A

extra teeth that possesses more than one cusp or barrel shaped

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9
Q

what is microdontia? what tooth is most affected?

A

small tooth, including peg shaped teeth

lateral incisors most affected

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

macrodontia

what are double teeth

A

either
fusion of two separate tooth germs
or
two teeth develop from one tooth germ (gemination)

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12
Q

how to tell the difference clinically between double teeth from fusion or gemination

A

if fusion then one less tooth

if gemination then extra crown

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13
Q

this shows double teeth

A
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14
Q

what is dens en dente

A

localised area of crown folded inwards

also called dens invaginatus

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15
Q

clinical implication of dens en dente

A

caries risk so important to spot

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16
Q

what is this?

A

dens en dente

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17
Q

what is a talon cusp?

A

evagination (projection) of the tooth

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18
Q

remember
talon cusps can have its own pulp -> don’t use high speed to shave down

A
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19
Q
A
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20
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Defects in the function of ameloblasts and mineralisation of enamel matrix

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21
Q

what are the two categories for amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

hypoplastic
hypomineralised

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22
Q

describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

A

thin, but hard enamel with normal bond strength

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23
Q

what is the clinical appearance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

thin, patchy rough aspect of the enamel layer
teeth different shape

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24
Q

what is the radiographic appearance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

hypoplasia of the enamel layer (not developed properly)

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25
Q

what is the difference between generalised and localised hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

localised is limited to part of the crown

26
Q

what is this

A

hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

as teeth different shape

27
Q

what is hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

full thickness enamel, but very soft with impaired bond strength

28
Q

what are the two types of hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

hypocalcified
hypomature

29
Q

what is the clinical appearance of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

enamel only on the cervical part after eruption

30
Q

what is the radiographic appearance of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

normal enamel thickness before eruption. Enamel radiolucency slightly higher than dentine

31
Q

what is the clinical appearance of hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

chalky appearance with orange, brown or white colour

32
Q

what is the radiographic appearance of hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

normal enamel thickness, radiolucency slightly higher than dentine

33
Q

what is this?

A

hypomaturature amelogenesis imperfecta

34
Q

what is this?

A

hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta

as normal shape but broken down after eruption

35
Q

what are the categories of dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

type I, II and III

36
Q

what is type I dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (weak bones)

Teeth are difficult to restore and don’t want to remove them

37
Q

what is type II dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

dentinogenesis on its own - not associated with anything else

38
Q

what is type III dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

“Brandywine isolate” another form of type II that is slightly rarer

39
Q

what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta in primary dentition?

A

Colour: amber

Attrition: worn teeth due to tooth on tooth contact

Pulp obliteration

Spontaneous abscesses

40
Q

what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta in permanent dentition?

A

Colour: grey/translucent

Short roots

Pulp obliteration

Spontaneous abscesses

41
Q

what are the main clinical problems with dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

Poor aesthetics

Chipping enamel

Exposure of dentine

Poor OH

Pain and infection, pulpal necrosis

42
Q

what is this?

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta
(type 1)

43
Q

what is this?

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

(type 1)

44
Q

what is this?

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

short roots

(type II)

45
Q

what is this?

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

short roots

(type II)

46
Q

what is Molar incisor hypomineralisation?

A

Developmental defect in enamel structure (less mineral) due to disruption to late stage of amelogenesis

47
Q

clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation

A

Demarcated enamel opacities, ranging in colour from white to yellow/brown

Can appear hypoplastic

Patient c/o breakdown of teeth, sensitivity, aesthetic concerns, failed restorations

48
Q

what is this?

A

molar incisor hypomineralisation

49
Q

what causes dental fluorosis?

A

Digestion of high fluoride concentrations during amelogenesis

50
Q

clinical presentation of dental fluorosis

A

Irregular enamel opacities, stained if severe

51
Q

what is this?

A

fluorosis

52
Q

what is turner’s tooth?

A

Hypoplastic enamel of successional resulting from trauma/infection of a primary tooth

53
Q

what is this?

A

turner’s tooth

54
Q

what is dilaceration of tooth? cause?

A

Sharp bend or angulation in crown/root

Results from trauma of primary tooth disrupting developing successor

55
Q

what is this?

A

dilaceration of tooth

56
Q

what are metabolic abnormalities?

A

treatment or illness induced

57
Q

what is in the category quantitative developmental abnormalities?

A

hypodontia

supernumeries

58
Q

what is in the category developmental abnormalities: size and shape?

A

microdontia

macrodontia: double teeth, dens en dente, talon cusps

59
Q

what is in the category hereditary structural developmental abnormalities?

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

dentinogenesis imperfecta

60
Q

what is in the category non-hereditary structural developmental abnormalities?

A

molar incisor hypomineralisation

dental fluorosis

tuner’s tooth

dilaceration of tooth

metabolic abnormalities

4 Craniofacial biology (20 decks)

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