(FINALS) Chapter 8: Information Age

Question 1

• A historical period that began in the mid 20th century
• it is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as establish during the industrial revolution, to an economy centered on information technology

Answer 1

Information Age

Question 2

Three ancient foundations of Information Age:

Answer 2

• Sumerian cuneiform
• Egyptian hieroglyphics
• Ancient Chinese tiny seal script

Question 3

Due to their effective information transmission, these two inventions began the Information Age:

Answer 3

• Transistor by Walter Brattain and John Bardeen
• Optical amplifier by Gordon Gould

Question 4

Ancient antecedents of the modern book:

Answer 4

• Egyptian papyrus paper
• Roman parchment codex
• Ancient Chinese wood-block printing

Question 5

It is a machine that transfers ink by applying pressure to an ink surface, that’s resting on a print medium, such as paper or cloth

Answer 5

Printing press

Question 6

Antecedent of printing press

Answer 6

Chinese woodblock printing on textile

Question 7

Inventor of printing press

Answer 7

Johannes Gutenberg

Question 8

Before, people who compiled actuarial tables and engineering calculations served as _____

Answer 8

Computers

Question 9

During the war against the Axis Powers, the US invented a general purpose, electromechanical computer that could do computations that would have taken humans hours to complete

Answer 9

Harvard Mark 1

Question 10

The German military employed an encoding device called _____

Answer 10

Enigma

Question 11

He was employed by to decipher the enigma code

Answer 11

Alan Turing

Question 12

Turing created the ______ while working with the allies, which allowed the British to decode the German’s enigma code

Answer 12

Bombe device

Question 13

• Turing also invented the _____, a theoretical device that can solve any issue given a set of straightforward instructions stored on a paper tape.
• It served as the basis for the development of computer science and the creation of a computer

Answer 13

Turing machine

Question 14

The generation that saw the birth of a computer age was referred to as having _____ in the 1970s

Answer 14

Electronic brains

Question 15

They were one of the first user groups for computers

Answer 15

The Homebrew Computer Club

Question 16

Co-founders of Apple 1

Answer 16

Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs

Question 17

From 1973 onwards, these emerged in the Information Age

Answer 17

Social media platforms

Question 18

Four Information Age Ethical Concerns?

Answer 18

1. Property: Who has the data? What reasonable and equitable costs accompany its exchange? Who controls the routes that information is transmitted by, particularly the airways? In what way should this limited resource be distributed?
2. Accuracy: Who oversees maintaining the information’s integrity, authenticity, and accuracy? In a similar vein, who should bear responsibility for factual inaccuracies and how can the harmed party be made whole?
3. Privacy: How much personal information should people be forced to provide about themselves? In what circumstances? What personal information need to be kept completely confidential?
4. Accessibility: What data may be obtained, under what circumstances, and ith what protections, by an individual or an organization?

Question 19

Two threats to our Privacy:

Answer 19

• Advancement of information technology
• Needed information for making decisions