Excretory System

Question 1

Kidney Structure

Answer 1

• Renal cortex
• Renal medulla
• Renal pelvis

Question 2

Renal Cortex

Answer 2

• Outer layer
• Filtration

Question 3

Renal Medulla

Answer 3

• Inner layer
• Has nephrons, collecting ducts that carry to the renal pelvis

Question 4

Renal Pelvis

Answer 4

• Middle
• Urine accumulates, drains into ureter

Question 5

Nephrons

Answer 5

Small structures where urine made

Question 6

Peritubular Capillaries

Answer 6

Surrounds nephrons, reabsorbs imp stuff back into blood

Question 7

Parts of Nephron

Answer 7

• Glomerulus
• Bowman’s capsule
• Proximal tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Distal tubule

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

Thin capillaries, where filtration starts

Question 9

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 9

Cup shape to catch the filtered stuff from glomerulus

Question 10

Proximal Tubule

Answer 10

Leads from Bowman’s capsule to Loop of Henle

Question 11

Loop of Henle

Answer 11

Connects proximal tubule to distal tubule

Question 12

Distal Tubule

Answer 12

Connects loop of Henle to collecting duct

Question 13

Formation of Urine

Answer 13

1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

• Glomerulus gets blood from arteriole
• H2O & other small molecules diffuse into Bowman’s capsule from the high pressure
• Blood cells stay in the blood vessels & leave kidney

Question 15

Nephric Filtrate

Answer 15

Filtered substances in the bowman’s capsule (urea, water, ions)

Question 16

Urea

Answer 16

NH3 (from deamination) + HCO3

Question 17

Reabsorption

Answer 17

• Nephric Filtrate enters proximal tubule
• Molecules are reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries
• H2O osmosis
• Active transport for sugar, amino acids
• Ion pumps for ions

Question 18

Loop of Henle in Reabsorption

Answer 18

• Descending: More H2O reabsorbed as Na & Cl C are high around
• Ascending: Na actively transported out, which Cl follows & creates high C for descending

Question 19

Secretion

Answer 19

• Excess H & K ions secreted in nephron which is added into nephric fluid
• If pH is too acidic, more H ions into urine

Question 20

Nephric Filtrate turns into Urine

Answer 20

Multiple nephrons attach to collecting ducts move fluid from cortex to medulla, to pelvis = urine

Question 21

Urine Pathway

Answer 21

Urine, Bladder, Urethra

Question 22

Antidiuretic (ADH)

Answer 22

• Secreted by pituitary, controlled by hypothalamus
• ADH increases permeability, allows more H2O to be reabsorbed

Question 23

As ADH decreases

Answer 23

• Body releases more H2O
• Urine vol increases

Question 24

As ADH increases

Answer 24

• Body retains more H2O
• Urine vol decreases

Question 25

Diuretics

Answer 25

Caffeine, alcohol block ADH, increasing vol of urine