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Psy 220 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Social Cognition

A

Thinking about perceptions, thoughts, emotions, motives and behaviors of self, other people, groups, and even whole social systems

Adopt other peoples perspective

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2
Q

Theory of mind

A

ability to make predictions about what others think feel or believe

Sally-ann test: moving of the basket

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3
Q

Early steps in developing a theory of mind

A
  1. Joint attention
  2. understanding intentions
  3. pretend play
  4. imitation
  5. emotional understanding
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4
Q

Desire psychology(2 years)

A

Understanding that other children have different desires or like different things

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5
Q

Belief-desire psychology(3-4years)

A

Different people have different desire and act on those desires/belief

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6
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

1) Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
2) Deficits in nonverbal communication
3) Deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships
4) Repetitive motor movements
5) Rigid adherence to routines
6) Restricted interest that are abnormal in their intensity
7) Hyporeactivity to senosry input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

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7
Q

Social cognition in adulthood

A
  • Social cognitive skills improve after adolescence
  • Elderly people continue to display the sophisticated social cognitive skils
  • When older adults do show declinde in social cognition its most likely due to a decline in cognitive capabilities
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8
Q

Components of Morality

Emotional component

A

Feelings regarding right or wrong actions that motivate moral thoughts

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9
Q

Components of Morality

Cognitive component

A

How we think about right and wrong and make decisions about how to behave

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10
Q

Components of Morality

Behavorial component

A

How we behave when we experience the temptation to cheat or are called upon to help a needy person

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11
Q

Components of Morality

Empathy

A

Experiencing of another person’s feelings

Keep us from engaging in antisocial behavior

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12
Q

Theories of Moral Development

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Superego is responsible for enforcing moral behavior

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13
Q

Theories of Moral Development

Cognitive Development Theory

A

Cognitive processes are involved in deciding whether an act is right or wrong

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14
Q

Kohlber’s stages of Moral Reasoning

Preconventional Morality

Level 1, preadolescents(10 years old)

A

Rules are external to the self rather than internalized

Stage 1: Punshiment and obedience Orientation: Whether an act is good or bad depends on its consequences
Stage 2: Instrumental Hedonism: Following rules to gain rewards or staisfy personal needs

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15
Q

Kohlber’s stages of Moral Reasoning

Conventional Morality

Level 2, Teen years

A

Individual has internalized many moral values

Stage 3: Good boy/girl mentality: What is “right is determined by what please or approved by others. Golden rule
Stage 4: Authority and social order maintaining morality: What is “right” is determined by authority and what is good for society as a whole. Interest in preseving social order motivated moral action.

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16
Q

Kohlber’s stages of Moral Reasoning

Postconventional Morality

Level 3, Adulthood

A

Individual defines what is right in terms of broad principles of justice

Stage 5: Morality of contract: Understand underlying purposes that laws serve
Stage 6: Morality of individual principles of conscience: Guided by respect for all individuals and their rights(Very rarely observed)

17
Q

Theoies of Moral Development

Social learning Theory

A

Interested in Behavioral component of morality
moral behavior learned throught observational learning and principles of conditioning

18
Q

Theories of Moral Development

Evolutionary Theory

A

Focuses on how moral emotion, thought, and behavior may have helped humans adapt to their environments over the course of evolution

Pass on genes

19
Q

Prosocial behaviors in infancy

A
  • Helping
  • Cooperation
  • Altruistic rather than selfish motivations
20
Q

Early Moral development

Moral emotions

A

Associating negative emotions with violating rules and learning to empathize with people who are in distress

21
Q

Early Moral development

Self-control

Marshmellow test

A

Being able to inhibit one’s impluses when tempted to violate internalized rules

22
Q

Children who pass theory of mind tasks

A
  • More forgiving when a wrong is committed accidentally
  • better able to distinguish between lying and having one’s facts wrong
  • More attuned to other people’s feelings and welfare
23
Q

Mortal rules

A

Standards that focus on the welfare and basic rights of individuals(unchangable)

24
Q

Social-conventional rules

A

Standards determined by social consensus that tell us what is appropriate in particular social settings

25
Q

Parental approach to discipline

Love withdrawal

A

Withholding attention, affection or approval after misbehavior

26
Q

Parental approach to discipline

Power assertion

A

Using punishments

E.g Spanking, grounding, threatening

27
Q

Parental appraoch to discipline

Induction

Best fosters moral development

A

Explaining why behaviors are wrong and emphasizing effect on other people

28
Q

conduct disorder

A

persistent pattern of violating the rights of others or age-appropriate societal norms

29
Q

Dodge’s social information processing model

A

reactions to frustration, anger, or provocation depends on the ways in which we process and interpret cues in situations

Aggressive youth develop a hostile attribution bias, coercive family environments fuel antisocial behavior

30
Q

Dual process model of morality

A

Deliberate thoguht and intuition emotion play distinct roles

Explain why we sometimes make judgments base on quick, emtionbased intuitions

31
Q

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory(SST)

A

Emtional fulfillment becomes more important with age

Older adults: Prefer to socialize with familiar partners that are more likely to spark postivie emotions, shorter time horizon
Younger adults: Prefer more exploratory, preferring to spend time on interactions with new social partners, longer time horizon

32
Q

support banking

A

Giving more support when able to , and drawing on support sources later as needed due to banked efforts

33
Q

Loneliness

A

Discrepancy between desired aspects of social network and reality

People who have lots of social ties can nontheless feel lonely

Psy 220 (9 decks)

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