Correlations / meta analysis / case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Define correlation

A

A mathematical technique in which a researcher investigates an association between two variables.

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2
Q

define co-variable

A

The variables investigated within a correlation - they are not referred to as IV and DV because correlation investigates the association between the variables rather than a cause and effect relationship

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3
Q

Define positive correlation

A

As one co-variable increases so does the other

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4
Q

Define negative correlation

A

As one co-variable increases the other decreases

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5
Q

define correlation co-efficient

A

A number between -1 and +1 that represents the direction and strength of a relationship between co-variables.

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6
Q

Define scatter graph

A

A graph where two variables are plotted along the axis to show the correlation.

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7
Q

strength of correlations

A
  • Show strength and direction relationships - provide a precise and quantifiable measure of how two variables are related
  • Quick and economical to carry out - no need for a controlled environment and no manipulation of variables is required
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8
Q

Limitations of correlations

A
  • Doesn’t prove causation
  • Lack of experimental manipulation and control → can only tell us how variables are related but not why
  • Correlations cannot demonstrate cause and effect between variables - not knowing of what is influencing
  • Possible an untested variable influencing - third variable problem → mis used / misinterpreted
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9
Q

What is a case study ?

A

A case study is an in depth investigation, description and analysis of a single individual, group, institution or event.

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10
Q

Strengths of case studies

A
  • Rich detailed insights that may highlight unusual forms of behaviour
  • Contribute to understanding of normal functioning
  • Generate hypotheses for future study and one contradiction can lead to revision of entire theory
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11
Q

Limitations of case studies

A
  • Generalisations of findings is generally an issue as only a small sampling size - lack generalisability
  • Information that makes in into the report is subjective
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12
Q

What is a meta analysis?

A

A meta-analysis is where researchers combine the findings from multiple studies to draw an overall conclusion

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13
Q

Meta analysis strength

A
  • EV as multiple studies same conclusion
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14
Q

Limitation of a meta analysis

A
  • Studies may not have the same aim
  • Time consuming to shift through data
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15
Q

define longitudinal study

A

A longitudinal study that you know from another topic of study is Rutter’s Romanian orphan study. Outline it below, referring to the effects of institutionalisation

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16
Q

Strength of longitudinal studies

A
  • Able to build up accurate data overtime
  • Good for tracking longterm / social change as allows developments to be observed
  • ^ scientific credibility as large amount of data
17
Q

longitudinal study limitations

A
  • Costly
  • Time expensive
  • Attrition rates