Health Psychology

Question 1

________________ is primarily concerned with the ways our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact with our physical health

Answer 1

Health psychology

Question 2

It involves the integration of knowledge from a wide variety of social sciences, including psychology, sociology, and anthropology, with knowledge from the medical disciplines

Answer 2

Behavioral medicine

Question 3

It is a subdiscipline of behavioral medicine that deals specifically with how psychological processes (e.g., cognitions, moods, social networks) interact with health and illness.

Answer 3

Health psychology

Question 4

It is the psychological and/or physiological response to difficult or demanding internal or external circumstances

Answer 4

stress

Question 5

When an organism perceives a threat, the body rapidly mobilizes energy reserves via the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system to either fight or flee.

Answer 5

fight-or-flight response

Question 6

It refers to the all-too common syndrome defined by stress levels that are consistently high and unremitting, often due to a hectic, fast-paced lifestyle.

Answer 6

Chronic stress

Question 7

When confronted with a temporary stressor, our fight-or-flight system often works very effectively, but with repeated or prolonged exposure to stress, our bodies eventually wear out and break down.

Answer 7

general adaptation syndrome hypothesis

Question 8

Stress activates the _______________, which controls the release of our body’s stress hormone, cortisol.

Answer 8

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Question 9

Cortisol is beneficial in appropriate amounts; however, chronic stress leads to an increased level of cortisol, which leads to the deterioration of _______, essential cells in the immune system

Answer 9

T-cells

Question 10

The study of this phenomenon of emotional stress setting the stage for physical illness is known as
______________________.

Answer 10

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Question 11

It is the scientific field of study concerned with the interactions among behavior, the nervous system, and the immune system

Answer 11

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Question 12

It has been defined as the process of managing demands that are appraised as exceeding the resources of the person

Answer 12

Coping

Question 13

This coping emphasizes proactive, constructive attempts to take action about a stressful situation.

Answer 13

Problem-focused coping

Question 14

A type of coping, in which the emphasis is on changing the emotional reaction to the stressor (rather than the stressor itself)

Answer 14

Emotion-focused coping

Question 15

It can be described as the perception that one has relationships with others who can provide support in a time of crisis and can share in good fortune as well.

Answer 15

Social support

Question 16

House, Kahn, McLeod, and Williams (1985) purport that social resources are composed of three components:

Answer 16

• social network
• social relationships
• social support

Question 17

It is the broad scope of all social contacts one has

Answer 17

social network

Question 18

What are the ABCDS if weight loss?

Answer 18

• Activity increase
• Behavior change
• Cognitive change
• Dietary change
• Social support

Question 19

In weight management, it is about keeping track of eating and exercise behaviors.

Answer 19

Self-monitoring

Question 20

In weight management, it is about creating reasonable goals that can produce frequent feelings of success.

Answer 20

Goal setting

Question 21

In weight management, it is about making promises to maintain exercise time, eat healthy food, etc.

Answer 21

Contracting

Question 22

In weight management, it is about recognizing and getting around obstacles to weight loss instead of feeling helpless to do anything about them.

Answer 22

Problem solving

Question 23

In weight management, it is about keeping unhealthy foods out of the house, staying out of unhealthy restaurants, buying healthy foods at the grocery store, getting yourself to exercise locations

Answer 23

Stimulus control

Question 24

In weight management, it is about making lifestyle changes that lower the overall level of stress, using relaxation techniques, meditating.

Answer 24

Stress management

Question 25

In weight management, it is about discussing weight loss efforts, including setbacks, with people who care about you.

Answer 25

Social support

Question 26

Some of the strongest weapons that health psychologists have in the battle against smoking are _______________, ________________, _____________, and ___________.

Answer 26

• nicotine replacement
• social support
• stress management
• relapse prevention.

Question 27

It involves the use of over-the-counter or prescription alternatives to cigarettes, including gum or transdermal patches. The mechanism behind this form of therapy is twofold: to break the oral habit of smoking while at the same time slowly weaning the body off nicotine dependence through controlled dosing that decreases over time

Answer 27

Nicotine replacement therapy

Question 28

Helping the client create or strengthen a _____________ is often an important first step of smoking cessation treatment.

Answer 28

nonsmoking network

Question 29

The STAR steps involved in successful smoking cessation

Answer 29

S - set a specific date for quitting
T - telling family and friends so they can provide support
A - r anticipating specific challenges that might arise and coming up with constructive responses ahead of time
R - removing items that might serve as cues or triggers to smoke, like lighters, ashtrays, and cigarettes

Question 30

Its goal is to predict which factors are likely to trigger a relapse and to prevent those factors from occurring

Answer 30

Relapse prevention

Question 31

It is a network of current and recovering alcoholics who share the goal of helping themselves and other members to stay sober

Answer 31

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Question 32

pain that lasts 6 months or longer, and affects up to 35% of the population

Answer 32

Chronic pain

Question 33

The purpose of ___________ is to achieve control over the body via educating patients about bodily processes of which they are typically unaware.

Answer 33

biofeedback

Question 34

To bring these processes into the forefront of consciousness, a ________________ converts some aspect of physiological functioning (e.g., heart rate, muscular tension) into a tone for the client to hear or a line on a graph for the client to see

Answer 34

biofeedback machine

Question 35

It involves teaching clients to consciously shift their bodies into a state of lowered tension and arousal. It can involve a variety of aspects, including guided imagery (e.g., imagining yourself in a gently swinging hammock), deep and controlled “belly breathing,” and systematically tensing and then relaxing various large skeletal muscles such as those in the arms and legs. It has been found to be successful in alleviating chronic pain, and it may work by increasing the release of endogenous opioids, our bodies’ natural analgesics

Answer 35

Relaxation training

Question 36

anxiety produced by separation from the primary caretaker, generally a parent

Answer 36

separation anxiety

Question 37

Techniques include the assignment of “______________,” in which a junior staff member such as a graduate student or student nurse is assigned to be the child’s stand-in parent during any hours in which the actual parent is prohibited from visiting

Answer 37

substitute parents

Question 38

They have been proposed as a solution for delivering higher-quality and more cost-effective primary care. Their aim to provide care that is patient centered, highly accessible and affordable, comprehensive, and coordinated. They are more holistic in nature, in that they do not view mental health as separate from physical health, and they are also more focused on prevention of disease than is the traditional primary-care model

Answer 38

Patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs)

Question 39

The four categories of perceived source of a sickness are:

Answer 39

• within the patient
• the natural world
• the social world
• the supernatural world

Question 40

a perceived source of sickness, which is an infection, injury, or other biomedical irregularity

Answer 40

within the patient

Question 41

a perceived source of sickness, which are elements of the environment surrounding an individual, such as toxins or climate-related factors

Answer 41

the natural world

Question 42

a perceived source of sickness, which is rooted from the interpersonal conflict with others, especially those with whom the individual has close relationships

Answer 42

the social world

Question 43

a perceived source of sickness, which are sorcery, witchcraft, ancestral spirits, or vengeful gods, for example

Answer 43

the supernatural world

Question 44

Predisposes people to stress-related illnesses such as arthritis, ulcers, and coronary heart disease.

Answer 44

Disease-prone personality

Question 45

It occurs when the body requires increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect

Answer 45

Tolerance

Question 46

It occurs when cessation of the substance produces negative symptoms.

Answer 46

Withdrawal

Question 47

When it comes to alcoholics, a period of medically supervised ________________ may be the most appropriate first course of action before proceeding to cognitive-behavioral techniques

Answer 47

detoxification