Week 5 (Cognitive and social approaches to personality, beyond the big five) Flashcards
Banduras reciprocal determinism
-Personal factors
-Behavioural factors
-Environmental factors
Bandura’s doll
-Tested on doll, 3-6 year old children
-Either saw an adult playing nicely or aggressively with the doll, or a control
-Children who observed aggressive model was more likely to behave aggressively to the toys.
Julian rotter predicted behaviour
To predict behaviour, we need to know
1) What the options are
2) What we see as being the possible outcomes for each options.
Behaviour potential = reinforcement value x expectancy
Rotter Locus of control
Our general expectancies in new situations
Internal: Individuals who believe their behaviour does make a difference to the outcomes
External: Individuals believe that what they do does not influence the outcome
Theory of personal contracts: George Kelly
-The criteria we use to perceive and interpret events: we create our own view of the world and then act according to our perceptions (Kelly’s fundamental postulate)
-Constructive alternativism: we all perceive the world differently & we are all capable of changing our minds
-We have free will BUT our thoughts/behaviours can be determined by goals/views of others
-Superordinate construct: something chosen of your own free will
What is George Kelly’s theory of personal constructs made up of
Fundamental postulate and 11 corollaries
-FP: we act in line with how we expect
-11 corrollaries: Construction, individualities, organisation, dichotomy, choice, range of convenience, experience, modulation, fragmentation, communally, sociality.
Albert Ellis
-Advocate of cognitive approaches
-He was interested in how our cognitions impact our emotions and behaviours
-We create our own emotional responses inside our own brains
-Rational & irrationality –> innate characteristics of human beings
-Rational-emotional behaviour therapy is interested in the nature of the self-talk that we indulge when we are interpreting events
Albert Ellis ABC model
Describes how emotional and behavioural responses occur
A –> the Activating event
B–> the clients’ Belief system
C –> the emotional and behavioural Consequences that occur as a result
Who coined the term “Dark Triad”
Paulhus and Williams
What does Dark triad consist of
-Machiavellianism
-Narcissism
-Psychopathy
Machiavellianism
-Cynical, calculating, manipulative
-Negatively correlated with Agreeableness + Conscientiousness (Big five)
-Positively correlated with intelligence
Narcissism
-Excessive interest in oneself (but fragile and sensitive to threat)
-Attempts to measure Narcissism using items designed to capture the clinical “narcissistic personality disorder”
-NPI is a widely used measure
-Grandiose and vulnerable forms of narcissism.
Psychopathy
-Superficial charm , unemotional, good at lying, anti-social
-Linked to brain function and structure
-Associated with low agreeableness, low conscientiousness, high neuroticism.
