Gas Exchange Flashcards
What four things are the gas exchange system in humans made up of
1) A respiratory substance
2) A set of tubes
3) A blood supply
A ventilation system
Advantages of transporting oxygen through a red blood cell
1) Regulates pH levels
2) Protects oxygen (prevents it from reacting with other substances)
How is a red blood cell adapted to its function of oxygen transport
1) Biconcave shape (large surface area for oxygen absorption and release)
2) Lack of nucleus and organelles (more space)
3) Flexible membrane (allows them to change shape)
list the structures through which a molecule of oxygen passes to get from the atmosphere to the cytoplasm of a named working cell
1) The respiratory system
2) The circulatory system
3) Cell membrane of the muscle cell
What does the goblet cell do
Produces sticky mucus and releases it onto the surface of the cells
What do the cilia do
Carry mucus with trapped microbes away from the lung surface
What does the basement membrane do
Holds the cell in place
What do the external intercostal muscles do
When you inhale, these muscles contract, causing the rib cage to expand. This action allows the air to rush in
What do the internal intercostal muscles do
When you exhale, these muscles contract, pulling the ribs downward and inward.
When oxygen is short in supply the _________ _________ has to work very hard
right ventricle
Parts of the respiratory system
1) Trachea
2) Bronchus
3) Bronchiole
4) Alveoli (air sacs)
5) Branch of pulmonary artery
For people with asthma, why cant air move easily along the pressure gradient [2mks]
1) The muscles in the wall of the bronchi contract
2) The lining of the bronchi ‘leaks’ a sticky mucus
What factors trigger asthma
1) Allergy to pollen or dust
2) Emotion
3) Breathing in cold air
4) Smoke
What are two forms of treating asthma
1) Removal of the factor causing asthma
2) Using a bronchodilator
Cons of doing too much exercise
1) Menstrual cycle may stop
2) Cardiac myopathy
3) Stress facture
4) Torn muscle
