Internet and WWW

Question 1

Difference between Internet and WWW? (1 mark)

Answer 1

World Wide Web is a collection of web pages and websites
Internet is an interconnected network for devices to communicate with each other

Question 2

What is an URL ( 2 marks)

Answer 2

• Uniform resource locator
• It’s an unique address given to resources for identify the location of it on the Internet

Question 3

What is the URL made up of ( 5 marks)

Answer 3

Protocol : HTTP, HTTPS
host : www.
Domain name: example.org
Location: note-taking/template
File name: /index.html

==> http//www.example.org/note-taking/template/index.html

Question 4

What is a protocol? (1 mark)

Answer 4

• It’s a set of rules that allows devices to communicate with each other

Question 5

How does HTTP or HTTPS works (3 marks)

Answer 5

• It allows data to be sent between client and users
• However, HTTP send the data in plain text ==> easy to be understood by hackers so HTTPS is a more secure version.
• HTTPS uses SSL (secure socket layer) and TLS (transport layer security)

Question 6

How does SSL and TLS works? (1 mark)

Answer 6

• Secure socket layer and transport layer security use a combination of asymmetric and symmetrical encryption.

Question 7

Define web browser (1 mark)

Answer 7

Render HTML and display web pages

Question 8

Other functions of web browsers ( 5 marks)

Answer 8

• Cookies
• Bookmarks
• Render HTML
• Record user history
• Navigational tools
• Address bars

Question 9

Describe how a web page is accessed and located ? (5 marks)

Answer 9

• When an URL is typed in, it will be sent to the DNS (domain name system) via HTTP/HTTPS
• The DNS will find the web page IP address and send back to the browser
• The web browser will sent request access to the web page of the web server.
• The security certificated are exchanged
• The web browser will render the web pages and HTML

Question 10

What are the two types of cookies ( 2 marks)

Answer 10

Session and persistent cookies

Question 11

Purposes of the two types of cookies ( 6 marks)

Answer 11

Session cookies:
+ shopping cart list
+ Display adverts
+ Personal information
Persistent cookies:
+ login details
+ User preferences
+ pages that the users have already visited

Question 12

What is digital currency ( 2 marks)

Answer 12

Exists in digital forms and doesn’t go through central banks

Question 13

What does a blockchain contain ? ( 5 marks)

Answer 13

• Hash value
• Previous hash value
• Sequence number
• Transaction data
• Timestamp

Question 14

How does blockchain work? (4 marks)

Answer 14

• Blockchain a digital ledger ==> record at every timestamp
• Each block will have its own hash value( a unique number by an algorithm given to each block) and the hash value of the previous block.
• So if the hash value is changed in any block, it will affect the whole blockchain and the whole blockchain will need to be recalcuated.
• The copy of the blockchain is sent to everyone for authencity.

Question 15

Define brute-force attack (1 mark)

Answer 15

• Trying every combinations of the passwords manually or using a program until getting access into user’s accounts

Question 16

Define data interception ( 2 marks)

Answer 16

• Interfering with the transmission of data to gain unauthorized access to the user’s data.
• It used a sniffer

Question 17

Define DDoS attack (3 marks)

Answer 17

• The perpetrator will send fake links to user’s computers to turn them into bots, creating a botnet
• The botnet will flood the server with lots of requests AT THE SAME TIME which cause latency.
• Therefore, legit computers can’t access the server.

Question 18

Reasons for DDoS attack ( 3 marks)

Answer 18

• Ransom money
• Revenge
• Entertainment

Question 19

Define social engineering ( 1 mark)

Answer 19

• Decieving people into giving out their personal information

Question 20

Examples of social engineering

Answer 20

• Phishing: Contains a fake website by disguising as trustworthy company
• Pharming: Redirect users into fake website by a malware downloaded into the computer

Question 21

Name all the malware :D (6 marks)

Answer 21

• Virus
• Trojan
• Worm
• Spyware
• Adware
• Ransomware

Question 22

Name the functions of all of these malware:
- Virus
- Trojan
- Worm
- Spyware
- Adware
- Ransomware

Answer 22

• Virus: replicate itself to corrupt files
• Trojan: Disguised as harmless file ==> release other malware
• Worm: replicate itself to take up bandwidth ==> causing lag
• Spyware: to record user’s inputs secretly on hardware
• Adware: to create pop-ups
• Ransomware: encrypt data and request ransom money for decrypting it

Question 23

Define access levels (1 mark)

Answer 23

-Restrict sensitive information to authorized people
Ex:
Edit, open, delete file (full access)
Open file (read-only access)
nothing ( no access)

Question 24

Define anti-malware ( 2 marks)

Answer 24

• Scan through all the files to detect malware and remove the malware
• If a malware is found, it will be isolated and be removed.

Question 25

Define authentication (2 marks)

Answer 25

• Biometrics : use physical characteristics of humans (fingerprint)
• Two-factor authentication

Question 26

Define firewalls (3 marks)

Answer 26

• Firewall acts as a barrier between the user computer.
• It will compare the value of the data entering or leaving with its pre-defined criteria.
• It will accept or reject the data and notify the user

Question 27

Define proxy layers( 2 marks)

Answer 27

• Eliminating web traffic by set criteria
• Hides user’s IP addresses and location ==> harder to trace back to the user

Question 28

Define SSL (2 marks)

Answer 28

• Encrypt data
• Send security certificates ==> avoid interception

Question 29

Define software updates purpose

Answer 29

• To patch up loopholes in the security system
• Allow antil-malware system to keep updating