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biology > Biomolecules - C5 > Flashcards

Biomolecules - C5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What three chemicals do organic compounds contain?

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

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2
Q

What are the four major categories of organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acid

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3
Q

Give examples of Polysaccharides

A

Glycogen, Cellulose

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4
Q

Three uses of lipids

A

Steroids, Waxes on leaf cuticles, and Phospholipid membranes

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5
Q

What is the structure of lipids (fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Made of molecules called triglycerides formed when 3 fatty acids attach to glycerol

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6
Q

At storage form, what do Triglycerides contain?

A

Three fatty acid compounds

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7
Q

What are some uses of proteins?

A

Protein channels, keratin, defensive systems

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8
Q

Structure of proteins (aa)

A

Made of amino acids, can also be Sulphur, phosphorus, iron or copper

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9
Q

What are peptide bonds between?

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?

A

20

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11
Q

How many amino acids do humans make?

A

11

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12
Q

Describe the process of creating protein structure

A
  1. Amino acid chain
  2. Chain linked in either pleats or helixes ( (slightly positive amino acids attracting to slightly negative)
  3. Becomes 3D via attraction between pleats and helixes
  4. Proteins such as hemoglobin have multiple strands of amino acids (4) not all proteins have these
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13
Q

What is the proteome?

A

The complete array of proteins produced by a single cell organism in a particular environment

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14
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Similar to nucleic acids, very large molecule

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15
Q

What are nucleic acids made of?

A

Nucleotides

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16
Q

What does each nucleotide contain?

A

A carbohydrate molecule, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

17
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

In the Mitochondria, Nucleus and Chloroplasts

18
Q

What is endosymbiosis theory?

A

Mitochondria, Nucleus and Chloroplasts were once free living prokaryotic organisms with weak hydrogen bonds between AT, GC

19
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine

20
Q

What is the carbohydrate in RNA?

A

Ribose

21
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases of RNA?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil

22
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

biology (17 decks)

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