Introduction to Supervision, Inspection and Total Quality Control

Question 1

Construction engineering and inspection services provided during the construction phase of a project
usually include monitoring of the construction work

Answer 1

inspection and testing,
monitoring progress against the construction
schedule,
checking and recommending interim and final
payments, administration of changes,
maintaining and filing records for audits, and
 providing documentary records that the project has
been built in accordance with plans and specifications

Question 2

Duties of a Construction Inspector (CI)

Answer 2

• Communicate with the contractor as to what work is planned
• Be familiar with permit requirements
• Complete daily reports
• Inspect the work and materials incorporated
• Record quantities for completed work
• Check and verify layout
• Schedule and monitor testing
• Attend progress and related job meetings
• Identify and record any subcontractors that are on the project

Keep photographic records
•Monitor the contractor’s short-term schedules
•Identify and report to the CE any contract irregularities that
may require a change order or contingency spending
•Notify the CE immediately of any potential claims
•Identify and notify of any non-compliance work
•Do a final inspection
•Do a one-year warranty inspection

Question 3

Quality in Construction Works

Answer 3

Quality means excellence.
 It is thus a philosophy rather than a
mere attribute.
The difference between two objects
is judged by their qualities.
We set some standards which
determine the level of acceptability
 Quality control means rational use of
resources.
 Quality control prevents temptation
of overdesign.

Question 4

Quality control procedures
implement:-

Answer 4

 appropriate mixing,
 proper compaction,
 correct placement and
 adequate curing

Question 5

Quality control ensures:-

Answer 5

 strict monitoring of every stage
of concrete production and
 rectification of faults.
 Quality control reduces
maintenance costs.

Question 6

Plan, Do, Check and Act Cycle

Answer 6

Plan- quality
Do- Working Systematically
Check- checking with non conformance
Act- upon the result

Question 7

The above 20 no construction mistakes may result in

Answer 7

 Cracks in concrete.
 Improper bonding between concrete
and brick masonry.
 Spillage of plaster.
 Dampness of walls.
 Leakage of slabs.
 Cracks in brick masonry.
 Settlement of foundation and walls.

Question 8

Knowing the 20 No mistakes occurr during construction phase ( for planning purpose )

Answer 8

The cement sand mix in the mortar and brick
masonry is made quite early, prior to its use and
in larger quantities than required.
 The construction materials like sand,
bricks, Aggregate etc are not washed
and are full of deleterious material and
dust.

Compaction of bottom strata in
foundation work is not carried out.
During concreting of footing, the
concrete is poured at a height greater
than 1m.
Generally, trapezoidal footings are
resorted to where concrete is never
vibrated.

 Reinforced concrete column, being
an important part of the structure
are neither mechanically vibrated
nor machine mixed.
 They are cast in short lifts with
increased number of joints.
 Cover to reinforcement in column,
beams and slabs is insufficient.

 No cover to reinforcement in contact
of the ground
 Misalignment of column at foundation
level and rectification at higher level,
leading to eccentric loading.
 Reinforced coping at plinth level
being an important barrier to
dampness is never densely cast.
 The plinth filling is never carried
out in layers nor compacted.
 The joint of brick masonry at larger
height are improperly racked.
 Mixing ratio in plaster and brick
masonry is not maintained.

 In the case where beams are cast
prior to slabs :
 In large slabs, the concrete in
beams starts setting before
casting of RC slab.
 The concrete spilled on the sides
of beams while casting is never
removed which gets set subsequently

 Reinforcement of RC column is
kept exposed above RC slab.
 Hacking to concrete surface is
poorly done prior to Plastering.
 Bearing to lintels on both the ends
is not sufficient.
In load bearing structure ,secondary
beams are resting directly on the
walls giving point loading.

Question 9

Proper care for uplift pressure in
black cotton soil is not taken in
by proving with

Answer 9

 ground beam
 Combined footing

Question 10

At the joints of Reinforced
concrete and brick masonry,
either :-

Answer 10

 the RC surface is not roughned
 or filling of mortar at the joint is
not evident.

Question 11

Causes for poor quality can be
summarized as?

Answer 11

-ignorance
-poor
-materials
-poor design
-poor detailing
-poor workmanship
-improper quantity of cement
-improper concrete mix
-excess water
-inadequate compaction,
-substandard forms
-inadequate curing
-inadequate cover
-poor construction practices
-poor supervision
-above all lack of technical knowledge.

Question 12

True or false
With the increase of quality of design, cost increase is exponential but value addition initially decreases, but starts saturating at of some point. Hence the optimum cost is arrived when slope of both the curves is same .

Answer 12

False (increases)

Question 13

It provides all the tools to make sure your project turns out as planned harnessing everyone’s effort to achieve zero defects at lowest cost, and zero defects means continually satisfying customer requirements is viewed as a total commitment to manage a firm’s resources to achieve the highest levels of
performance in everything in which the
firm is involved.

Answer 13

Project Quality Management

Question 14

It is a method for ensuring that all the
activities necessary to design, develop
and implement a product or service are
effective and efficient with respect to
the system and its performance

Answer 14

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Question 15

THREE MAIN COMPONENT OF QUALITY
MANAGEMENT

Answer 15

1. Quality Control
2. Quality Assurance
3. Quality Improvement

Question 16

In construction engineering and manufacturing, quality
control and quality engineering are
involved in developing systems to ensure products or services are designed and produced to meet or exceed customer requirements. These systems are often developed in conjunction with other business and engineering disciplines using a cross-functional approach.

Answer 16

Quality control

Question 17

refers to planned and systematic production processes that provide confidence in a product’s suitability for its intended purpose. It is a set of activities intended to ensure that
products (goods and/or services) satisfy
customer requirements in a systematic,
reliable fashion .

Answer 17

Quality Assurance

Question 18

These cover product improvement, process improvement and people based
improvement

Answer 18

Quality improvement

Question 19

“Degree to which a set of
inherent characteristic fulfills
requirements.” The standard defines
requirement as need or expectation.

Answer 19

ISO 9000

Question 20

“Number of defects per million
opportunities.” The metric is tied in with amethodology and a management system.

Answer 20

Six Sigma

Question 21

Quality Concepts Zero Defects

Answer 21

states that there is no tolerance for errors within the system. The goal of all processes is to avoid defects in the product or service The Customer is the Next Person in the Process – based on providing the internal organization a system that ensures the product or service is transferred to the next person in the process in a complete and correct manner

Question 22

is a holistic approach to an organization that focuses on principles while making the process improvements

Answer 22

Quality Concepts Continuous
Improvement Process

Question 23

in evaluating the processes which will be used to produce a system, it is essential that the process be capable of performing the required functions to achieve the desire outcome.

Answer 23

Process Capability