What's in a medicine

Question 1

Test for Phenol

Answer 1

Add FeCl3
Yellow —> Purple

Question 2

Phenol Conductivity

Answer 2

Not conductive
Delocalised electrons in the centre

Question 3

Phenol melting and boiling point

Answer 3

Can form hydrogen bonding so high

Question 4

Solubility of Phenol in H2O

Answer 4

H-bonds means it can be soluble
Benzene ring is not soluble

Question 5

Two different Phenol reactions

Answer 5

-Acid
-Organic

Question 6

Acid reactions

Answer 6

+ Alkali/base —-> salt + H2O
+metal —-> salt + hydrogen
+Carbonate —-> salt + water + CO2

Reversible

Question 7

Esterification Reactants

Answer 7

Alcohols Acyl chloride HCl
Phenols Acid anhydride C.acid
Carboxylic acid H2O

Question 8

C.acid mpt/bpt

Answer 8

H-bonding so relatively high

Question 9

C.acid conductivity

Answer 9

No free e-s so don’t conduct

Question 10

C.acid solubility

Answer 10

Can form H-bonds so soluble in water

Question 11

Test for C.acid

Answer 11

Add carbonate and see if it fizzes/ bubbles

Question 12

How to name alcohols

Answer 12

normally end in ‘anol’
If OH is not the main functional group use hydroxy

Question 13

Alcohol conductivity

Answer 13

Unconductive

Question 14

Alcohol solubility

Answer 14

H-bonding so soluble
Less soluble as the C chain increases

Question 15

Alcohol mpt/bpt

Answer 15

H-bonding so relatively high

Question 16

Can alcohols be acida

Answer 16

Very weak ones
Only react with metals

Question 17

Nucleophile definition

Answer 17

A negative or partially negative species which forms a bond by donating a pair of electrons (dative bond)

Question 18

Elimination reaction

Answer 18

A small molecule is removed to introduce a c=c bond
Only one reactant

Question 19

Oxidation reaction

Answer 19

Alcohols are oxidised by reacting them with an oxidising agent - typically Cr2O7 2-
Orange —-> green

Question 20

Conditions for oxidation of alcohols

Answer 20

Alcohol —-> Aldehyde = distillation
Alcohol ——-> C.acid = reflux
Alcohol ——-> Ketone = reflux

Question 21

Infared spectroscopy

Answer 21

A way to identify what types of bonds are present and absent in organic molecules

Question 22

What happens in Infared spectroscopy

Answer 22

IR is missing due to being absorbed and the bonds vibrating more. Different bonds absorb different frequencies of IR

Question 23

Fingerprint region

Answer 23

Below 1500cm-1
Unique to each molecule
Identified by comparing to a spectra on a database

Question 24

Mass spectrometry

Answer 24

Counts and weighs molecules
Shows the fragmentation breaks of molecules
The molecule MUST have a +1 charge

Question 25

Molecular ion peak

Answer 25

The peak furthest to the right

Question 26

“What is causing the peak”

Answer 26

Draw something that weighs that amount Positive

Question 27

“What has been lost to give the peak”

Answer 27

Draw what fell off
Neutral