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Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 > L2: Infections in Immunocompromised > Flashcards

L2: Infections in Immunocompromised Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction to Immune System

A
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2
Q

Major Components of Specific Immunity

A
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3
Q

Markers of T-Suppressor Normally & in HIV

A
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4
Q

what stimulates both B & T Cells?

A
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5
Q

Clonal Selection

A
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6
Q

Def of Immunocompromised person

A
  • Denoting an individual with deficient immunologic mechanisms either because of an immunodeficiency disorder or by immunosuppressive agents.
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7
Q

Def of Opportunistic
infection

A
  • An infection by a microorganism that normally does not cause disease but becomes pathogenic when the body’s immune system is impaired and unable to fight off infection, as in AlIDS and certain other diseases
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7
Q

Suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder

A
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8
Q

Types of Immunodeficiency

A

1ry & 2ry

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9
Q

Nature of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

Many of these disorders are hereditary and are autosomal recessive or X-linked.

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9
Q

Age in 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

Susceptibility to infections begins from childhood onward.

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9
Q

TTT of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

The treatment of primary immunodeficiency depends on the nature of the defect, and may involve
 Antibody infusions
 Long-term antibiotics
 Stem cell transplantation

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9
Q

Classification of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

They are generally grouped by the part of the immune system affected such as lymphocytes, granulocytes, T cells and B cells.

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9
Q

Another Name of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A

Congenital

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10
Q

Types of 1ry Immunodeficiency

A
  • Hemoglobinopathy
  • Trisomy 21
  • Complement Deficiency
  • Phagocyte Deficiency
  • B-Cell Deficiency
  • T-Cell Deficiency
  • Combined B&T Cell Deficiency
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11
Q

Def of Hemoglobinopathy

A

A kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule

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12
Q

Infections in Hemoglobinopathy

A
  • Common infectious agents are encapsulated organisms, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Others like salmonella sp., E-coli, H. Influenza, K. pneumonia, and Neisseria sp.
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13
Q

Infections Related to Trisomy 21

A
  • Trisomy 21 are linked to otitis media and upper respiratory infections, as well as to infections with Candida.
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14
Q

Infections Related to Complement Deficiency

A

 Cryptosporidia.
 Meningococcal infections.
 Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.
 Bancroftian Filariasis.

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15
Q

Phagocyte Deficiency

A
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16
Q

Infections Related to Phagocyte Deficiency

A
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16
Q

Infection Related to T-Cell Defects

A
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16
Q

Infections Related to B-Cell Defects

A
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17
Q

CP of Patients with B&T-Cell Defects

A
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18
Q

Infections Related to B&T-Cell Defects

A
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19
Q

Another Name of 2ry Immunodeficiency

A

Acquired

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20
Q

Causes of 2ry Immunodeficiency

A
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21
Q

Chronic Disease Causes of 2ry Immunodeficiency

A

CRF, LCF, DM

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22
Q

Meds Causing 2ry Immunodeficiency

A
  • chemotherapy, anti TNF, PPI
  • Immunosuppressive drugs and glucocorticoids after organ transplants
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23
Q

Toxins Causing 2ry Immunodeficiency

A
  • Environmental toxins like mercury and other heavy metals, pesticides and petrochemicals
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24
Q

Cancers Causing 2ry Immunodeficiency

A

(leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma).

25
Q

Infections Causing 2ry Immunodeficiency

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

26
Q

Infections Associated with Malnutrition

A
27
Q

Infections Associated with Leukemia & Lymphoma

A
28
Q

Infections Associated with Chronic Diseases

A
29
Q

Infections Associated with LCF

A

 E coli
 Streptococci
 S. aureus.

30
Q

Infections Associated with DM

A

 S. aureus infection
 Candidiasis

31
Q

Infections Associated with CRF

A

 S aureus
 S pneumoniae
 E coli

32
Q

Infections Associated with TTT & Meds

A
33
Q

Infections Associated with drugs that decrease gastric acidity

A
  • Salmonella sp.
  • V. cholera
34
Q

Infections Associated with inhibitors of TNF

A

TB, HSV, toxoplasmosis, CMV and activation of occult HBV or HCV.

35
Q

Infections Associated with Cortecosteroids

A

S. aureus, S pneumoniae.

36
Q

Infections Associated with inhaled corticosteroids

A

 Oral candidiasis (thrush)

 Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

37
Q

Infections Associated with Ogan Transplant

A
38
Q

Infections Associated with heart & Heart-Lung Transplant

A

Toxoplasma

39
Q

Infections Associated with Renal Transplant

A

Adenovirus

40
Q

Infections Associated with Stem Cell Transplantation

A
41
Q

Infections Associated with asplenia

A

Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria ( S pneumoniae )

42
Q

Causes of asplenia

A

 Splenectomy
 Sickle cell anemia

43
Q

What causes AIDS?

A

Caused by an infection by the HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus), which attacks and destroys T helper cells.

44
Q

types of HIV

A
45
Q

Severity of HIV is determined by

A

viral load CD4+ counts

46
Q

As the CD4 count declines, the immune function …..

A

decreases

47
Q

INVs in HIV

A
48
Q

HIV Chart

A
49
Q

What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 400?

A

Herpes zoster & TB

50
Q

What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 300?

A

Oral Candidiasis

50
Q

What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 200?

A
  • Pneumocystic Carinii
  • Esophageal Candidiasis
  • Mucocutaneous Herpes
51
Q

What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 100?

A

Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, Coccidomycosis, Mycobacterium Avium, CMV

52
Q

What Infection Happens in HIV when CD4 is lower than 50?

A

Cryptospeodiosis, PML

53
Q

Examples of The oppurtunistic Infections in AIDS

A
54
Q

Fungal Infections in AIDS

A
55
Q

Parasitic Infections in AIDS

A
56
Q

Bacterial Infections in AIDS

A
57
Q

Viral Infections in AIDS

A
58
Q

Pictures of Infections in AIDS

A
59
Q

How to Delay Progression of AIDS?

A
60
Q

Most AIDS patients usually died from……

A

infections rather than original disorder

61
Q

…….. is the Most Important part in the treatment of immune deficient patients

A

Managing opportunistic infections

62
Q

As a preventive measure, one must prevent these patients from getting exposed and getting the disease.

A

..

63
Q

Criteria for Starting, Discontinuing, and Restarting Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis for Adults with HIV

A
64
Q

Sequelae of HIV

A
65
Q

Sequelae of HIV

  • After 4-6wks of infection
A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Persistent Generalized lymphadenopathy
66
Q

Sequelae of HIV

  • After few months & Years
A

AIDS related complex (ARC):
- Constitutional symptoms
- Minor opportunistic infections as herpes simplex & candida

AIDS: “end stage”
- Constitutional symptoms

  • Major opportunistic infections as pneumocystistis carnii, pneumonia & Kaposi’s sarcoma
67
Q

Dx of HIV

A
68
Q

Clinical Dx of HIV

A
69
Q

Lab Dx of HIV

A

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 (46 decks)

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