1.6-1.10, Diversity of Living Things

Question 1

Eukarya

Answer 1

single-celled or multi-celled organisms, all contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

Define protis

Answer 2

Not plant, animal or fungi
Eukaryotic

Question 3

Classifying Protists

Answer 3

The kingdom is widely falling out of use by the biological community, as the category is essentially meaningless. Biologists are instead using phylogenies.
They organize these organisms to better identify and understand their evolutionary relatedness.

Question 4

Protist types

Answer 4

plant like - can photosynthesize
animal like “protoza” - heterotrophs
fungis like - slime moulds

Question 5

Euglena

Answer 5

autotrophic, have an eyespot for detecting light, use a flagellum for movement.

Question 6

Paramecia

Answer 6

heterotrophic, have 2 nuclei, use cilia for movement.

Question 7

Amoebas

Answer 7

heterotrophs, use pseudopods (i.e. cytoplasm projections) for movement, amorphous shape.

Question 8

Ciliates

Answer 8

many cilia for movement, no cell walls

Question 9

Red Algae

Answer 9

multicellular, autotrophs, have cellulose cell walls

Question 10

Slime molds

Answer 10

move with flagella or projections

Question 11

Diatoms

Answer 11

unicellular, photosynthetic, covered in silica shells

Question 12

Mitochondrea

Answer 12

Mitochondria are complex organelles that perform cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is a very important process; mitochondria breakdown glucose to
release energy and produce a lot of ATP (an energy- carrying molecular).
ATP is required by cells to perform essential life processes.
Chemical formula: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O (+ ATP)

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

Chloroplasts are complex organelles that perform photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a very important process; chloroplasts use energy from the sun to produce glucose.
Glucose is required by cells for cellular respiration.
Chemical formula: (radiant energy) + CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

Question 14

Endosymbiotic Theroy

Answer 14

Endosymbiotic theory hypothesizes that eukaryotes arose when two prokaryotic cells joined together, becoming one organism.
Endosymbiosis: a mutually-beneficial relationship where one organism lives inside another.
The first eukaryote (i.e. cell with membrane-bound organelles) was a protist.

Question 15

Evidence of Endosymbiotic

Answer 15

First eukaryotic cell was a when a archaea cell absorbed a aerobic bacteria cell which eventually became the mitochondrea. The aerobic cell could perform cellular respiration providing energy while the archeae cell provides protection and nutrients. Same thing with a cyanobacteria (bacteria that could photosynthesize) got englufed and eventually became a mitochondrea providing gluecose.

Question 16

Origin of Endosymbiotic