큰 어휘 - 16-25 Flashcards
(294 cards)
1
Q
economy/economics
A
경제Common Usages:경제적이다 = economical세계 경제 = world economy경제학 = economics (the study of economy)Example:요즘에 세계 경제는 좋아지고 있어요 = The world economy is getting better these days아시아의 경제는 요즘에 좋아지고 있어요 = The Asian economy is getting better these days
2
Q
economical
A
경제적Common Usages:경제적인 이유 = economic reason경제적인 결정 = economic decision경제적인 문제 = economic problem경제적으로 = economicallyExample:미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 = The US made an economical decision
3
Q
history
A
역사 Common Usages:역사적이다 = historical세계역사 = world history역사가 = historian역사 수업 = history classExample:저는 한국역사에 관심이 있어요 = I am interested in Korean history우리 학교에서 학생들은 역사와 지리를 같이 배워요 = At our school, students learn history and geography together
4
Q
historical
A
역사적 Common Usages:역사적으로 = historicallyExample:한국과 미국은 역사적으로 좋은 관계가 있다 = Historically, Korea and the US have had a good relationship
5
Q
science
A
과학 Common Usages:과학적이다 = scientific과학 기술 = science and technology과학자 = scientist과학연구 = science (scientific research)자연과학 = natural sciences과학수업 = science classExample:한국 학생들은 다른 나라 학생들보다 과학을 더 잘 해요 = Korean students are better at science than students of other countries
6
Q
scientific
A
과학적Common Usages:과학적인 설명 = scientific explanation과학적으로 = scientific
7
Q
impulse/shock
A
충동 Common Usages:충동적이다 = impulsive성적 충동 = sexual urgeExample:저는 그녀한테 키스하고 싶은 충동을 참지 못했어요 = I couldn’t resist the urge to kiss her
8
Q
impulsive
A
충동적Common Usages:충동적으로 = impulsivelyExamples:PLAY저는 자주 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I often buy clothes impulsively저의 누나는 충동적인 여자예요 = My older sister is an impulsive girl
9
Q
culture
A
문화 Common Usages:문화적이다 = cultural문화 차이 = differences in culture동구문화 = Eastern culture서구문화 = Western cultureExample:한국문화는 오래됐고 흥미로워요 = Korean culture is long and interesting
10
Q
cultural
A
문화적 Common Usages:문화적으로 = culturallyExample:한국 사람과 중국 사람은 문화적으로 달라요 = Korean and Chinese people are culturally different
11
Q
democracy
A
민주(주의) Common Examples:민주주의자 = democratExample:북한 사람들은 민주주의가 무엇인지 몰라요 = North Koran people don’t know what democracy is
12
Q
democratic
A
민주적Common Usages:민주적으로 = democraticallyExamples:PLAY미국은 민주적인 나라예요 = The US is a democratic nation미국은 대통령을 민주적으로 선출해요 = America elects its president democratically
13
Q
individual/personal
A
개인Example:그 헬스장은 개인 사물함을 제공해요 = That gym provides a personal locker
14
Q
individual
A
개인적 Example:저는 그녀랑 개인적으로 얘기하고 싶어요 = I want to talk to her personally
15
Q
nature
A
자연Common Usages:자연스럽다 = natural자연의 법칙 = the laws of nature자연과학 = natural scienceExample:사람들은 자연을 지켜야 돼요 = People need to protect nature
16
Q
natural
A
자연스럽다 Examples:PLAY그는 한국어를 자연스럽게 말해요 = he speaks Korean naturally그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 가지고 있어요 = That girl has natural hair
17
Q
disappointment(disappointed)
A
실망(하다) Notes: 실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “disappointed” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.Examples:저는 실망했어요 = I was disappointed.실망하지 마세요 = Don’t be disappointed
18
Q
to be disappointing
A
실망스럽다Notes: 실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “disappointed” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See below in this lesson for more information.Example:PLAY결과는 조금 실망스러웠어요 = The result was a little bit disappointing저는 결과가 실망스러웠어요 = I was disappointed in the result
19
Q
love/(to love)
A
사랑(하다) Common Usages:사랑에 빠지다 = to fall in love서로 사랑하다 = to love each other사랑니 = wisdom toothExample:저는 그 여자를 사랑해요 = I love that girl저는 그 여자를 그때만 사랑했어요 = I only loved her at that time저의 여자 친구가 완벽해서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is perfect저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 많이 받았어요 = I received a lot of love from friends그 남자는 자기 여자 친구를 아직 사랑해요= That man still loves his girlfriend저는 내일 저의 여자 친구를 위해 사랑편지를 쓸 거예요 = Tomorrow I will write a love letter for my girlfriend
20
Q
to be lovely
A
사랑스럽다 Common Usages:사랑스러운 여자 = A lovely girlExample:그 여자는 사랑스러워요 = That girl is lovely우리 딸은 사랑스러운 여자예요 = Our daughter is a loving/lovely girl저는 그를 사랑스럽게 봤어요 = I looked at him lovinglyLyrics from ‘강남스타일’: “아름다워 사랑스러워 그래 너 hey 그래 바로 너 hey”
21
Q
satisfaction/(to be satisfied)
A
만족(하다)Notes: 만족하다describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “satisfied” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.Common Usages:만족시키다 = to satisfyExample:저는 만족해요 = I am satisfied그는 만족해요 = He is satisfied부장님을 만족시키는 것은 어려워요 = Is it is difficult to satisfy our boss
22
Q
to be satisfactory
A
만족스럽다 Notes: 만족하다describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “satisfied” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.Examples:PLAY결과는 만족스러웠어요 = The results were satisfactory저는 음식이 만족스러웠어요 = I was satisfied with the food
23
Q
relationship
A
관계 Example:미국과 한국의 관계가 좋아요 = Korea and the US have a good relationship저는 엄마랑 아무 관계도 없어요 = I don’t have any relationship with my mother
24
Q
pencil
A
연필 Example:연필 몇 개가 있어요? How many pencils do you have?저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
25
color
색깔Common Usages:“색” is used after the words of most colors.For example: 빨간색 (red), 노란색 (yellow), 녹색 (green)Example:보라색은 제가 가장 좋아하는 색깔이에요 = Purple is my favorite color가을에 잎의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the leaves changes in the fallPLAY그 여자의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워 = That girl’s hair color is natural
26
result
결과 Common Usages:결과가 나오다 = for the results to “come out”결과가 만족스럽다 = for the results to be satisfactory결과가 실망스럽다 = for the results to be disappointingExample:저의 시험 결과는 좋아요 = The result of my exam is good (my exam results are good)간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 발표했어요 = The executives announced that result at the meetingPLAY결과는 만족스러웠어요 = The results were satisfactory우리가 만족스러운 결과를 받았어요 = We received a satisfactory result
27
world
세상 Examples:세상에 가장 예쁜 여자는 누구예요? Who is the most beautiful girl in the world?제 남편은 세상에서 제일 멋있어요 = My husband is the coolest in the world힘과 권력이 있는 사람이 세상을 지배해요 = People with power (and strength) rule the world그 아이는 세상에서 고립된 채로 10년간 살아왔어요= That child lived isolated from the world for ten years제가 세상에서 제일 싫어하는 것은 말다툼을 하는 거예요= The thing I hate the most in the world is arguing (with people)세상에는 아직도 여성의 인권이 매우 낮은 곳이 많습니다= In this world even now, there are still many places where the rights of women are terribly low댓글을 읽다 보니 세상에는 정말 다양한 사람들이 있다는 것을 깨닫게 되었어요= After reading the comments I came to realize there really are all kinds of people in the world
28
world
세계 Common Usages:세계 평화 = world peace세계 지도 = world map세계화 = globalization현실 세계 = real world전 세계 = the whole world세계여행 = world travelExamples:요즘에 세계 경제는 좋아지고 있어요 = The world economy is getting better these days전 세계에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요 = Tourists from all over the world went to that festival
29
conversation
회화 Common Usages:영어회화 = English conversation영어회화수업 = English conversation class영어회화교사 = English conversation teacher중국어회화 = Chinese conversationNotes: “회화” is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean “to have a conversation.” The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning.Examples:저는 중국어회화 수업을 듣고 있어요 = I am taking a Chinese conversation class한국 학생들한테 영어회화는 중요하지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t important to Korean students
30
chest
가슴Common Usages:닭가슴살 = chicken breastNotes: Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one’s chest, or a woman’s breasts. It can also be used to refer to one’s “heart.”Examples:한국사람들이 가슴에 털이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have hair on their chest그 여자가 가슴이 커요 = That woman has big breasts심장이 멈춘 듯이 가슴이 아파요 = My chest hurts as if my heart has stopped당신의 눈을 응시할 때 가슴이 설레어요 = When I gaze into your eyes, my heart flutters가슴이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요 = When you are nervous, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down
31
title of something (book, etc)
제목 Common Usages:노래 제목 = the name of a song책 제목 = the name of a bookExample:그 책의 제목은 뭐에요? = What is the title of that book?
32
close/near by
근처 Notes: 근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example:대학로 근처에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters near 대학로It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted:저의 친구는 (여기) 근처에 살아요 = My friend lives close (to here)
33
recently
최근 Notes: This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example:최근 날씨가 추워요 = The recent weather is coldIt can also be used with ~에 to generally mean “recently.” For example:Example: 최근에 사람이 많이 와요 = Recently, many people have been coming
34
to untie, to unfasten, to loosen
풀다 Common Usages:코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose스트레스를 풀다 = to relieve stress문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoesExamples:운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 = exercise relieves stress저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil이 붕대를 풀자마자 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you unravel this bandage, the baby can start crawling around
35
to dream
꿈꾸다Common Usages:이상한 꿈을 꾸다 = to have a weird dreamExample:저는 어젯밤에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream last night
36
to be born
태어나다 Common Usages:태어났을 때부터 = since I was born/my whole life한국에서 태어나다 = to be born in KoreanExample:저는 캐나다에서 태어났어요 = I was born in Canada저는 한국에서 태어난 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요= I wasn’t born is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요= The story of this person being born into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend저는 한국에서 태어났지만 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요.= I was born in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.
37
to go somewhere frequently
다니다 Common Usages:기어다니다 = to crawl around돌아다니다 = to wander around학교를 다니다 = to attend school다녀오다 = to go, and then come back다녀오세요 = This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.”Example:어느 학교를 다녀요? = What school do you go to?우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 = Our mom attended Seoul University저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 돌아다녔어요 = I wandered around South East Asia for 6 months
38
to believe, to trust
믿다Common Usages:신을 믿다 = To believe in god종교를 믿다 = To have/believe in a religion저를 믿어 주세요 = (Please) Believe me!Examples:저는 그 사람을 믿을 수 없어요 = I can’t believe/trust that person저는 그런 사람을 믿지 않아요 = I don’t trust that type of person/those types of people관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 믿지 않았어요 = The audience didn’t believe what the president said옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 믿었어요= A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of gods그 친구는 남의 말만 믿고 저를 무시했어요= That friend believed what other people said (about me), and ignored me그 생물 선생님이 종교를 믿어서 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 믿어요= That Biology teacher doesn’t believe the content he teaches because he is religious (believes in a religion)
39
to be close to, to be near
가깝다Examples:저의 친구의 집은 가까워요 = My friend’s house is close저의 친구는 가까운 집에 살아요 = literally – my friend lives in a near by house성수기가 가까워질수록 숙소비가 더 비싸져요= As it gets closer to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 가깝지만 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다= So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very close to Ireland, I had not been to once.
40
to be difficult to do something
힘들다 Notes: This is a word that is difficult to translate. It’s usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be ‘힘들다’ because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.You’d be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. Everything is ‘힘들다.’Going out for a walk: 아~ 힘들어!Taking the subway: 아~ 힘들어!Cooking a meal: 아~ 힘들어!Common Usages:힘든 일 = difficult work힘들겠다! = That must be difficult!힘들어 죽겠다 = a common phrase people say “It’s so hard it’s like I’m going to die.”Examples:학생들을 가르치는 것은 힘들어요 = It is hard to teach students이 문제를 극복하는 것이 힘들 거예요 = It will be difficult to overcome this problem그 일이 힘들지 모르겠어요 = I don’t know if that work will be difficult소방 훈련이 힘들어 보여요 = Firefighting training looks difficult저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요= It is difficult to walk home because I live far오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요= Today was really difficult, so I want to take a warm bath
41
to be pure
순수하다Example:그녀는 아주 순수해 보여요 = She looks really innocent하얀색은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요 = White is the purest color
42
fruit
과일 Common Usages:과일즙 = some sort of juice made from the juice of a fruit과일이 상하다 = for fruit to spoil과일이 신선하다 = for fruit to be freshExamples:저는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit저는 주로 과일과 야채를 먹어요 = I mainly eat fruits and vegetables사과는 가장 맛있는 과일이에요 = Apples are the most delicious fruit저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch저는 과일도 좋아하고 야채도 좋아해요 = I like fruit, and I like vegetables too
43
alcohol
술 Common Usages:술에 취하다 = to be drunk술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol술집 = bar (literally, “alcohol house”)술배 = beer belly술을 깨다 = to get soberExamples:술을 마셨어요? = Were you drinking? (did you drink alcohol?)건강해지려고 술을 안 마실 거예요 = In order to get healthy, I will not drink alcohol시간이 있으시면 술을 마시러 술집에 갑시다 = If you have time, let’s go to a bar to drink alcohol!
44
leaf
잎Common Usages:나뭇잎 = a leaf from a treeExamples:가을에 잎의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the leaves changes in the fall
45
church
교회 Common Usages:교회를 다니다 = to go to/attend churchExamples:우리 가족은 일요일마다 교회를 다녀요 = Our family goes to church every Sunday저는 내일 오전에 교회에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to church tomorrow in the morning
46
river
강 Common Usages:한강 = The Han River강남 = south of the river/Gang-namExample:강 옆에 큰 산이 있어요 = There is a big mountain next to the river그 강은 완전히 말랐어요 = That river has completely dried up
47
season
계절 Common Usages:사계절 = four seasonsExample:한국은 사계절이 있어요 = There are four seasons in Korea
48
kitchen
부엌 Example:요리사들은 저녁을 부엌에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the dinner in the kitchen
49
homeroom teacher
담임선생님Examples:담임선생님이 누구예요? = Who is your homeroom teacher?그 문제에 대해 담임선생님과 함께 얘기했어요 = I talked about that problem with my homeroom teacher
50
vacation
방학 Common Usages:겨울 방학 = winter vacation여름 방학 = summer vacation방학 동안 = during vacationExamples:방학은 언제야? = When is vacation?저는 방학 동안 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot during vacation방학 동안 집에 안 갔습니까? = You didn’t go home during vacation?한국에서는 겨울 방학이 여름 방학보다 더 길어요 = In Korea, winter vacation is longer than summer vacation저는 방학 동안 책 두 권을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read two books during vacation방학 동안 저는 학교에 있고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to be at school during vacation
51
pear
배 Common Usages:배즙 = pear juiceNotes: Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears.Example:한국 배는 서양 배와 달라요 = Korean pears are different from western pears
52
radish
무 Notes: A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color.Example: 한국 사람들은 무김치를 많이 먹어요 = Korean people eat a lot of radish kimchi
53
potato
감자Common Usages:감자튀김 = fried potatoes (French fries)감자조림 = potatoes in soy sauce (common Korean side dish)감자를 삶다 = to boil potatoesExamples:저는 감자를 30분 동안 끓였어요 = I boiled the potatoes for 30 minutes저는 감자를 칼로 잘랐어요 = I cut the potatoes with a knife
54
knife
칼 Common Usages:칼로 자르다 = to cut with a knife칼 바람 = a very cold wind칼날 = the blade of a knifeExample:저는 감자를 칼로 잘랐어요 = I cut the potatoes with a knife
55
sea
바다Common Usages:바닷가 = the area around the ocean/sea바닷물 = sea waterExamples:저는 아이들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the sea with the kids바다 근처에 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the ocean바다는 춥고 더러워요 = The ocean is cold and dirty
56
newspaper
신문Common Usages:신문지 = literally the paper of a newspaper신문을 읽다 = to read the newspaperExample:한자는 한국 신문에는 많이 사용돼요 = Hanja (Chinese characters) are used a lot in Korean newspapers
57
customer
고객 Common Usages:고객님 = a polite way to say “customer”고객센터 = customer centerExample:고객님들은 항상 맞아요 = The customer is (customers are) always right그 주인은 고객님들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the customers well오늘 고객이 많고 분위기가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of customers and the atmosphere is good
58
education
교육 Common Usages:교육을 받다 = to receive education교육청 = school board/office of education서울교육청 = Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education교육과정 = curriculum (often said as “커리큘럼” these days)교육감 = the superintendent of a school board교육 제도 = the education systemExample:한국 교육 제도는 미국 교육 제도와 달라요 = Korea’s educational system is different from America’s educational system
59
feelings
기분Common Usages:기분이 좋다 = to be happy, feel good기분이 나쁘다 = to feel sad, “not good”기분이 상하다 = for one’s feelings to be “spoiled” or hurtExample:그 말을 들었더니 기분이 상했어요 = My feelings were hurt after hearing that그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is finished, I am very happy
60
turn (turn to go)/order
순서Common Usages:순서대로 = in order순서를 바꾸다 = to change the orderExample:제가 말을 할 순서예요 = It is my turn to speak
61
exam/test
시험 Common Usages:시험을 보다 = to write an exam시험을 망하다 = to do bad on a test (literally, to “mess up a test”)Examples:저는 내일 시험을 볼 거예요 = Tomorrow I will write an exam시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test시험을 잘 못 볼까 봐 걱정돼요 = I’m worried that I won’t do well on the exam저는 어제 시험을 잘 못 봤어요 = I did poorly on the exam yesterday학생들의 20퍼센트만 시험을 합격했어요 = Only 20 percent of the students passed the exam학생들이 시험을 보는 동안 저는 그들을 감독했어요 = I supervised the students while they wrote an exam저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 시험을 잘 봤어요 = I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the test
62
to stay
머무르다 Common Usages:장소에 머무르다 = to stay at a placeNotes: 머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example:한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요 = A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a yearHowever, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example:머물다 + ~자 = 머물자 = okay머물다 + ~고 = 머물고 = okay머물다 + 겠다 = 머물겠다 = okay머물다 + ~지 않다 = 머물지 않다 = okayIf a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example:머물다 + ~아/어(요) = 머물어요 – this is incorrect머물다 + ~았/었어요 = 머물었어요 – this is incorrectSee Lesson 97 for more information.Example: 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 머물렀어요 = We stayed in Busan for 10 days
63
to come by walking
걸어오다 Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다Example:우리는 차가 없어서 집에 걸어왔어요 = We didn’t have a car so we walked home
64
to go by walking
걸어가다Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다Example:전철역까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway station?
65
to invite
초대하다 Examples:친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 초대했어요 = I invited ten people to my birthday party저는 저의 친구를 파티에 초대하고 싶어요 = I want to invite my friend to the party나는 너를 파티에 초대하고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to invite you to the party
66
to welcome
환영하다 Example:제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 환영했어요 = My girlfriend happily welcomed my younger brother
67
to be warm
따뜻하다The pronunciation of this word is closer to “따뜨타다”Common Usages:따뜻하게 = warmly따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly따뜻한 마음 = a warm heart날씨가 따뜻하다 = for the weather to be warmExamples:날씨가 추워서 따뜻한 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is cold, so I put on warm clothes그 사람의 마음은 따뜻해요 = That person has a warm heart저는 따뜻한 날씨를 좋아해요 = I like warm weather오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 따뜻해요 = Today’s weather is warmer than yesterday저는 따뜻한 옷을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) warm clothes오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really difficult, so I want to take a warm bath
68
to be high
높다 Common Usages:밀도가 높다 = to be dense (literally, for the density to be high)Notes: To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.Examples:애기는 높은 소파에서 떨어졌어요 = The baby fell from the high sofa그 건물은 너무 높아요 = That building is very high한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 높아요 = The price of Korean houses is much higher than the price of Japanese houses
69
to be poor
가난하다Common Usages:가난한 사람 = poor person가난한 동네 = poor neighborhoodExamples:저는 매우 가난해요= I am very poor그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = There are many poor people in that neighborhood
70
to be low
낮다Notes: To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.Examples:이 탁자가 너무 낮아요 = This table is too low의자는 탁자보다 더 낮아요 = The chair is lower than the table이 산은 높고 저 산은 낮아요 = This mountain is high, but that mountain is low
71
a counter for books/magazines/etc
권 Common Usages:책 한 권 = one bookExample:저는 1년에 책 열 권을 읽을 수 있어요 = I can read 10 books in one year
72
person’ – high respect form, also a high-respect counter for ‘people’
분 Notes: This is used instead of “사람” when the person deserves high respect. “분” is also used instead of “명” as a counter when the person deserves high respect.Example: 그 분은 저의 선생님이에요 = That person is my teacher선생님 몇 분 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come?
73
monkey
원숭이 Example:대부분의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요 = Most monkeys live in trees너는 원숭이 같이 보여 = You look like a monkey원숭이는 바나나를 많이 먹어요 = Monkeys eat bananas
74
subject in school
교과목 Examples:캐나다 선생님들은 항상 두 개의 교과목을 가르쳐요 = Canadian teachers always teach two subjects학생들은 교과목 두 개 중에 하나를 선택해야 해요 = Students must choose one out of the two subjects
75
textbook
교과서Common Usages:영어교과서 = English textbook교과서로 공부하다 = to study using a textbookExample:학교는 학생들한테 교과서를 제공하지 않아요 = The school doesn’t provide textbooks to the students
76
rumor
소문Common Usages헛소문 = false rumor소문을 내다 = to spread rumorsNotes: Often used with the ~는 것 conjugation of ~ㄴ/는다는 것. See Lesson 52 for more information.Example:그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 = There is a rumor that that woman’s husband is having an affair with his secretary저는 친구를 통해 소문을 들었어요 = I heard a rumor from my friend
77
charger
충전기 Common Usages:핸드폰 충전기 = cell phone chargerNotes: 충전하다 means “to charge.”Example:충전기가 없어서 핸드폰 충전을 못 해요 = I can’t charge my phone because I don’t have the charger
78
bill
청구서 Common Usages:청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill전기요금청구서 = electricity bill가스청구서 = gas billExample:저는 은행에서 청구서를 냈어요 = I paid the bill at the bank
79
cashier
계산원 Notes: 계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate”Example:계산원들은 돈을 많이 벌지 않아요 = Cashiers don’t earn a lot of money
80
calculator
계산기 Notes: 계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate”Example:한국학생들은 수학문제를 계산기 없이 풀어요 = Korean students solve math problems without calculators
81
business trip
출장 Common Usages:출장비 = business trip expense출장을 가다 = to go on a business tripExample:부장님은 내일까지 출장을 갔어요 = The boss went on a business trip until tomorrow
82
rice cooker
밥솥 Common Usages:밥솥에 밥을 짓다 = to make rice in a rice cookerExample:한국에서는 모든 집에 밥솥이 있어요 = All houses in Korea have a rice cooker
83
novel
소설 Common Usages:소설가 = a novelist단편소설 = short story novel장편소설 = full length novelExample:어떤 소설을 읽고 있어요? Which novel are you reading?소설가의 설명은 아주 섬세해요 = The novelist’s explanation is very delicate/sophisticated
84
encyclopedia
백과사전 Common Usages:위키백과 = Wikipedia백과사전에서 찾다 = to look up in an encyclopediaExample:저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 찾았어요 = I looked up that fact in an encyclopedia
85
major (in university)
전공 Common Usages:부전공 = minor경제를 전공하다 = to major in economics외국어를 전공하다 = to major in foreign languagesExample:대학생 때 저의 전공은 영어였어요 = In University, my major was English
86
scissors
가위 Common Usages:가위로 자르다 = to cut with scissorsExample:종이를 가위로 잘라요 = To cut paper with scissors
87
skin
피부Common Usages:피부색 = skin color (the color of skin)피부색깔 = one’s skin colorExample:그 여자의 피부가 너무 부드러워요 = That girl’s skin is very smooth유럽 사람의 피부는 하얘요 = European people’s skin is white
88
army
군대 Common Usages:군대에/를 가다 = to enter the military군대를 파견하다 = to dispatch an army군대를 지휘하다 = to command an armyExample:저의 사촌은 군대에 갔어요 = My cousin went to the army미국군대는 한국군대보다 더 커요 = The American military is bigger than the Korean military
89
shoulder
어깨 Common Usages:어깨에 메다 = to put something on one’s shoulders어깨를 주무르다 = to massage one’s shouldersExample:저는 가방을 어깨에 멨어요 = I put the bag on my shoulders
90
department store
백화점 Common Usages:롯데 백화점 = Lotte Department Store현대 백화점 = Hyundai Department StoreExample:백화점에 옷이 너무 비싸요 = Clothes are too expensive in department stores백화점에는 외부 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot outside the department store as well
91
air
공기 Common Usages:공기가 맑다 = for the air to be clear공기가 좋다 = for the air to be good공기가 나쁘다 for the air to be bad공기가 건조하다 = for the air to be dryExample:캐나다 공기는 아주 건조해요 = The air in Canada is very dry공기가 나빠서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is bad
92
dawn
새벽 Common Usages:새벽에 일어나다 = to wake up early새벽 2 시에 = at 2:00 in the morningNotes: The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises.Example:저는 매일 새벽 5시에 일어나요 = I wake up every day at 5 a.m.
93
inside part
내부 It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내(內) means “inside” and 외(外) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부(部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.”Example:스타벅스의 내부 분위기는 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere inside Starbucks is very comfortable
94
outside part
외부 It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내(內) means “inside” and 외(外) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부(部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.”Example:백화점에는 외부 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot outside the department store as well이 쪽은 건물 외부로 나갈 수 있는 길이다 = This way/direction will take you outside (to the outer part of the) the building
95
to cut
자르다 Common Usages:머리를 자르다 = to cut one’s hair사람을 자르다 = to fire a person (literally “to cut a person”)Example:저는 어제 미용실에서 머리를 잘랐어요 = I got my hair cut in the beauty parlor yesterday손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so short (like this)?옆 집에서 사는 사람은 그 소나무를 잘랐을 것 같아요 = It seems like the person who lives in the house next door cut the pine tree
96
to ask, to request
요청하다 Common Usages:도움을 요청하다 (to ask for help)Example:저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = I asked the teacher for an explanation of the homework
97
to be wet
젖다 Example:수영장에 들어간 후에 옷이 완전히 젖었어요 = My clothes are completely wet after going into the pool빨래를 다 하고 젖은 옷을 줄에 걸었는데 빨래가 무거워서 줄이 바닥으로 늘어졌어요= After doing the laundry, I hung the wet clothes on the line, but the laundry (clothes) were so heavy the line drooped to the floor
98
to be unfortunate
안타깝다 Common Usages:안타까운 상황 = unfortunate situationExamples:엄마가 우리랑 같이 못 먹어서 안타까워요= It’s too bad that your mom can’t eat with us상황이 조금 안타깝지만 어쩔 수 없다= The situation is unfortunate, but there is nothing we can do (about it)너무 안타까워서 내일 그 왕따를 놀리지 말자= Let’s not tease that outcast tomorrow because it is too sad/sorry (of a situation)성공하기 위해 매일 애쓰는 사람들을 보면 대단하면서도 안타까워요= When I see people struggling to try to succeed, it is amazing but also sad at the same time
99
mainly, mostly
주로Notes: 주로 is an adverb that sounds a lot like an adjective in sentences. It is often put before nouns (like adjectives) to mean “mainly/mostly (noun).”Example: 저의 친구는 주로 남자예요 = My friends are mostly men저는 주로 과일과 야채를 먹어요 = I mainly eat fruits and vegetables
100
western food
양식 Example:한국 사람들은 양식을 보통 안 먹어요 = Korean people usually don’t eat Western foodPLAY한식은 양식보다 더 매워 = Korean food is spicier than western food
101
height
키 Common Usages:키가 크다 = to be tall키가 작다 = to be shortNotes: 키 means “height” in Korean, but not the “height” of a building or some other object. It is only used when talking about the height of a person. “크다” means ‘big.’ The adjective for tall is 키가 크다, which just indicates that your height is big.Example:그 남자가 키가 너무 커요 = That man is very tall저는 그보다 키가 더 커요 = I am taller than him
102
star
별Common Usages:별자리 = constellationExample:하늘에 별이 많아요 = There are many stars in the sky
103
attitude
태도좋은 태도 = good attitude나쁜 태도 = bad attitudeExample:그 학생의 태도가 나빠요 = That student’s attitude is bad
104
pay cheque
월급 Common Usages:월급을 받다 = to get paid, to receive pay cheque월급(을 받는) 날 = the day one gets paid월급이 오르다 = to get a raise월급이 깎이다 = to get less money than before (a pay cut)Example:저는 매월 24일에 월급을 받아요 = I get paid every month on the 24th
105
downtown
도심 Example:저의 여자친구는 안산 도심에서 살아요 = My girlfriend lives in the downtown of Ansan저는 친구들과 도심에서 영화를 봤어요= I saw a movie with friends downtown2호선은 서울 도심 주위를 돌아요 = Line 2 circles around the downtown of Seoul
106
downtown
시내Example:저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 놀아요 = I usually play with (meet) my friends downtown
107
memory
추억 Common Usages:추억을 쌓다 = to make memories (literally, “for memories to be piled up”)추억을 만들다 = to make memoriesExample:저는 우리 엄마와 추억이 많아요 = I have a lot of memories with my mom
108
candidate
후보자 Example:후보자들은 내일까지 와야 돼요 = Candidates have until tomorrow to come그들은 많은 후보자들 중에서 저를 뽑았어요 = They chose me from many candidates
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anniversary
주년 Notes: 주년is usually preceded by a number.Example:내일은 우리의 1주년이에요 = Tomorrow is our one year anniversary우리 학교가 세워진 지 10주년이에요 = It is the 10th anniversary of our school opening
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body position/posture
자세 Notes: When exercising, the Konglish word “폼” (form) is often used.Example:이 자세 맞아요? = Is this posture right/correct?운동할 때 알맞은 자세로 해야 돼요 = When you exercise, you need to do so with the correct posture
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usual
평소 Common Usages:평소보다 = to be comparing something to the usual amount평소처럼 = as usual평소에 = usuallyExample:저는 평소보다 더 열심히 공부하고 있어요 = I am studying harder than usual저는 오늘 평소처럼 공부해야 돼요 = I have to study today, as usual현재 날씨는 평소보다 조금 추워요 = The present/recent weather is colder than normal
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old love
옛사랑 Example:그녀는 옛사랑이었어요 = She was an old love
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old road/path
옛길 Example: 우리는 옛길을 따라 걸었어요 = We walked along, following the old road
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to wash
씻다Common Usages:손을 씻다 = to wash one’s handsNotes: When washing one’s hair, the verb “감다” must be used.Example:손을 잘 씻고 먹어요 = To wash one’s hands well, and then eat손을 씻으세요! = Wash your hands!
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to confirm, to check
확인하다 Example:첨부파일을 확인하세요! = See/Check the attached file시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test그것을 확인해 봐!! = Try checking that가격을 확인해보자 = Let’s check the price
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to gather, to collect
모으다Common Usages:돈을 모으다 = to save money우표를 모으다 = to collect stampsExample:그는 옛날 동전을 모아요 = He collects old coins
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to collect
수집하다 The noun form of this word translates to “collection”Example:실험을 하기 전에 자료를 수집해요 = To collect data before doing an experiment
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to be narrow
좁다 Notes: Korean people would use the word “좁다” in make cases where English people would use the word “small.” Especially if an apartment or room is small, Korean people would say “방이 좁다.” The direct English translation of “this room is narrow” is unnatural in English.Example:이 길이 너무 좁아서 저는 못 들어가요 = I can’t go onto this road because it is so narrow저의 방은 너무 좁아요 = My room is too small/narrow
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to be wide
넓다 Notes: 넓다 means “wide” but Korean people often say “넓다” when in English we would say “big.” Usually when they talk about how ‘big’ a room/house is, they will say that it is very “넓어.” In English, it would be awkward to say “This place is so wide!!”Example:우리 집은 매우 넓어요 = Our house is very big (wide)그 차는 넓은 공간을 차지하고 있어요 = That car takes up a lot of room/space
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to be special
특별하다Example:그 박물관은 특별해요 = That museum is special그 식당은 특별하지 않아요 = That restaurant isn’t special그 사람은 특별한 개성이 있어요 = That person has a special personality
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to be lazy
게으르다 Example:저의 남자 친구는 아주 게을러요 = My boyfriend is very lazy저의 게으른 남동생은 하루 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy brother doesn’t do anything all day
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to be comfortable
안락하다 Notes: Essentially the same meaning as “편하다,” but much less common. 안락하다 would be more related to abstract things like the mood of a place or one’s life, whereas 편하다 would be more related to physical things that you can feel (like a bed being comfortable)Example:스타벅스의 내부 분위기가 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere inside Starbucks is very comfortable
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many/various
여러 Common Usages:여러 분 = many people (often used to refer to a group of people: 고객 여러 분!)여러 번 = many/several times여러 가지 = many types ofNotes: 여러 is an adverb that is placed before nouns to describe themExamples:저는 여러 가지의 단어를 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn lots of different types of words옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 믿었어요 = A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of gods
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master/owner/proprietor
주인 Common Usages:집주인 = landlord주인공 = the main character in a movie, storyExamples:그 강아지의 주인은 누구예요? = Who is the owner of that dog?그 주인은 손님들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the customers well손님이 불행에 찬 눈으로 주인을 봤어요= The customer looked at the owner with eyes “full of” unhappiness경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 십만 원의 벌금을 물었어요= The police officers gave the owner of the dog a 100 000원 fine
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mistake/fault
잘못 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잘몯”Notes: This word would normally be easy, however it is more difficult than it needs to be because 잘못 (without a space) and 잘 못 (with a space) have to different meanings. See Lesson 20 for more information.
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temperature
기온Common Usages:최고기온 = the highest temperature최저기온 = the lowest temperatureNotes: This is used for the temperature of the weather.Example:내일 최고기온은 10도예요 = Tomorrow the high temperature is 10 degrees지구 기온이 점점 오르면서 한국에서 사계절이 사라진대요 = As the global temperatures gradually increase, they say that the “four seasons” in Korea is disappearing
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mirror
거울 Example:여자는 자기의 모습을 거울에서 봤어요 = She looked at herself in the mirror제 모습을 거울에서 보는 중이에요 = I’m looking at myself (my appearance) in the mirror집주인이 부서진 거울을 찾아낼까 봐 걱정돼요= I’m worried that the landlord will find the shattered mirror 뒤에 있는 차가 저의 시야에 있게 거울을 조금 움직였어요= I moved the mirror a little bit so that the cars behind me would be in my field of vision
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powder
가루 Common Usages:밀가루 = flour꽃가루 = pollen고춧가루 = hot pepper powderExamples:케이크 반죽에 밀가루를 넣으세요 = Put some flour into the cake batter, please봄에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해 야 해요= You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the spring한국의 주식이 쌀이에요. 그래서 밀가루보다는 쌀로 만든 음식이 더 많아요= The staple food of Korea is rice. Therefore, there are more foods made from rice than flour
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muscle
근육 Common Usages:근육질이다 = to be muscular근육통 = muscle pain근육을 키우다 = to build musclesExamples:목에는 근육이 많아요 = There are many muscles in your neck남자는 자기 근육을 여자들에게 드러냈어요 = The man revealed his muscles to the girls허벅지 근육은 균형을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 해요= The muscles of your inner-thigh play an important role in maintaining one’s balance
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darkness
어둠 Common Usages:어둠이 무섭다 = to be afraid of the darkNotes: This is the noun form of 어둡다 (dark)Examples:부부는 어둠으로 사라졌어요 = The couple disappeared into the darkness저의 돈을 훔치고 범죄자들은 어둠으로 사라졌어요 = The criminals disappeared into the darkness after stealing my money
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basic/basics
기본 Common Usages:기본요금 = basic fare기본적으로 = basicallyExample: 그 학생은 물리의 기본도 이해하지 못해요 = That student doesn’t even understand basic physics무역회사에서 일하고 싶으면 기본적으로 영어를 할 줄 알아야 해요 = If you want to work at a trade company, you need to know how to speak basic English (at a basic level)
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accident
사고Common Usages:교통사고 = car/traffic accident사고가 나다 = for an accident to happenExamples:집에 가는 동안 사고를 당했어요 = I got into an accident on my way home한국 정부는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요= The Korean government is trying to prevent traffic accidents사고가 났음에도 불구하고 경기가 계속되었어요= The game/match continued despite the accident that arose사고가 났지만 저의 아버지가 많이 다치지 않았다니 다행이에요= Even though there was an accident, I am thankful to hear that my dad wasn’t that hurt
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traffic
교통 Common Usages교통사고 = car/traffic accident교통카드 = bus card대중교통 = mass transportation교통혼잡 = traffic jam/congestionExamples:교통카드가 있었나요? = Did you have your bus (transportation) card?휘발유가 비쌀수록 교통비가 비싸져요= The more expensive gasoline is, the more expensive transportation costs will be교통사고에서 사람 다섯 명은 부상을 당했어요= Five people were injured in the traffic accident사람이 너무 많아서 서울에서는 교통혼잡이 심해요= The traffic jams in Seoul are severe because there are too many people교통혼잡 때문에 약 한 시간 정도 더 걸릴 것 같아요= Because of the traffic jam, it will probably take about another hourPLAY이상 = a noun to indicate that something is more than something else
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a noun to indicate that something is more than something else
이상 Notes: It is hard to imagine this being a noun based on the translation about, but grammatically it is a noun. By putting 이상 after something, it can have the meaning of “more than.” For example:열여덟 살 이상 = over 18 years of age두 명 이상 = more than two people이 년 이상 = more than two years그 가게에 18세 이상만 들어가도 돼요 = Only people older than 18 years can enter that storeIt is common to use “더 이상” to indicate that one will not do something “anymore.” For example:저는 이 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to watch this movie anymore
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to treat somebody
대우하다 Notes: 대하다 is a common word with a similar meaningCommon Usages:친절하게 대우하다 = to treat nicely함부로 대우하다 = to treat badly동등하게 대우하다 = to treat evenly공평하게 대우하다 = to treat fairlyExamples:그 주인은 손님들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the customers well저는 저의 여자 친구를 공주처럼 대우해요 = I treat my girlfriend like a princess아이들을 성별에 따라 대우하는 것이 좋지 않아요 = It’s not good to treat children based on their gender
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to retire
퇴직하다 Common Usages:퇴직금 = severance pay (you get this when you leave a company, not when you retire. Usually, each year a person works at a company, they will accrue money into their 퇴직금. Whenever they leave, they can get it all in a lump sum).명예퇴직 = “retiring with honor” (usually used when somebody retires before the regular retiring age. The opposite of this [to retire at the regular retiring age] is정년퇴직)Examples:사람들은 보통 65살이 되면 퇴직해요 = People usually retire when they are 65 years old그 선생님은 지금 그만두거나 퇴직을 할 수 있어요 = That teacher could quit or retire now퇴직하자마자 연금을 받을 수 있습니다 = As soon as you retire, you can receive your pension
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to receive (an application)
접수하다 Common Usages:접수 마감일 = the final date to receive somethingNotes: 접수하다 is a weird word. It technically means “to receive,” but it usually used when the subject is giving something. It doesn’t make much sense, but that is how it is used.Example:저는 서울대학교에 원서를 접수했어요 = This should translate to “I gave my application to Seoul University” or “I applied to Seoul University,” but it also technically means “Seoul University received my application. This word is not said very often. You will see it written more commonly than you will hear it spoken.
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to chew
씹다Common Usages:음식을 씹다 = to chew food꼭꼭 씹다 = to chew thoroughlyExample:수업 시간 동안 껌을 씹지 마세요 = Don’t chew gum during the class
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to interpret
통역하다Common Usages:통역사 = interpreterExample:저는 한국어를 못해서 통역사가 필요해요 = I need an interpreter because I can’t speak Korean
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to translate
번역하다 Common Usage:직접 번역하다 = to translate directlyExamples:그 영화가 일본어로도 번역되었다 = That movie was also translated to Japanese학생들은 그 이야기를 한국어에서 영어로 번역할 거예요 = The students will translate that conversation (or story) from Korean to English
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to stir
젓다 Common Usages:커피를 젓다 = stir coffeeExample:저는 반죽을 딱딱할 때까지 저었어요 = I stirred the batter until it was hard
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to gain, to improve, to increase
늘리다 실력을 늘리다 = improve one skills길이를 늘리다 = increase the length… 수를 늘리다 = increase the number of something… 시간을 늘리다 = increase the time of somethingExamples:저의 친구는 한국어 실력을 늘렸어요 = My friend increased his Korean skills우리 사업규모를 내년에 늘릴 계획이 있어요= We have plans to increase the scale of our business next year1년에 재해방지훈련을 하는 횟수를 두 번에서 네 번으로 늘릴까 해요= I am thinking about raising the number of times we do disaster prevention training per year from two times to four times한국어실력을 늘리고 싶으면 선생님이 한국 사람들이랑 의사소통을 많이 하라고 그랬어요= If I want to expand my Korean language ability, my teacher told me to communicate a lot with Korean people
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to fall into
빠지다 Common Usages:늪에 빠지다 = an idiom for being stuck in something (literally, “to fall into a swamp”)사랑에 빠지다 = to fall in loveExample:열심히 운동하고 지금 힘이 빠졌어요 = After exercising, I now have no energy (my energy has all fallen out)
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to escape, to come out of
빠져나오다 Notes: This is a compound word with the meanings of 빠지다 and 나오다 combined.Example:회사장은 많은 시위자들로부터 드디어 빠져나왔어요 = The CEO finally escaped (came out of) the crowd of protestors
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to escape, to go out of
빠져나가다 Notes: This is a compound word with the meanings of 빠지다 and 나가다 combined.Example:군인들은 적의 덫에서 못 빠져나갔어요 = The soldiers could not escape the enemy’s trap
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to be confused
헷갈리다 Notes: Learners sometimes this that 헷갈리다 is an adjective that describes something as “confusing.” However, 헷갈리다 is a verb which describes the mental struggle that goes on in one’s head when confused (often when having to remember or choose from multiple choices).Example:이 문제 답이 A인지 B인지 헷갈려요 = I’m confused if the answer to this question is A or B나는 엄마의 핸드폰 번호가 맨날 헷갈려요 = I’m confused every day (always) of my mother’s cell phone number이 음식에 소금을 넣는 건지 설탕을 넣는 건지 헷갈려요 = I’m confused if I put salt or sugar in this food
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to be gained, improved, increased
늘다 늘다 follows the ㄹ irregularNotes: This is the passive form of the active verb “늘리다”Examples:저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 많이 늘었다 = My friend’s Korean (skills) really increased/got better저의 친구는 한국어 실력을 늘렸다 = My friend increased his Korean skills
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to be round, to be spherical
둥글다Example:미식축구공은 둥글지 않아요 = The American football ball isn’t round
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to be dark
어둡다 Example:교실이 너무 어두워서 학생들은 칠판을 볼 수 없어요 = The students can’t see the board because the classroom is too dark지금 점점 어두워지고 있어서 우리는 산에서 내려가야 돼요 = We need to go down the mountain, because it is gradually getting darker
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of course
물론 Often used as an adverb, for example:물론 와도 돼요! = Of course you can come!It can also be used as a noun (predicated with 이다). For example:돈을 줄 것은 물론이죠 = Of course I will give you the money
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news
소식 Common Usages:소식을 듣다 = to hear news좋은 소식 = good news나쁜 소식 = bad newsNotes: This word does not mean the “news” that you see on TV. Rather, it is the word to describe a piece of information, that we often call “news” in English.Example:나쁜 소식이 있어요 = There is some bad news좋은 소식을 들었어요? = Did you hear the good news?저는 그 소식을 듣고 충격을 받았어요 = I was shocked when I heard the news우리 딸이 애기를 낳을 거라는 소식을 들었을 때 저는 기쁨에 취했어요= I was filled with joy when I heard the news that my daughter will be having a baby
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wedding
결혼식 Common Usages:결혼식을 치르다 = to hold a wedding ceremony결혼식을 하다 = to hold a wedding ceremonyNotes: Usually, by adding 식 to the end of a noun in Korean, the noun turns into some sort of a ceremony. 결혼 + 식 = marriage ceremony (wedding).Examples:결혼식은 언제예요? = When is the wedding?저는 그들에게 결혼식에 갈 거냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked if they were going to the wedding저는 한국의 형식적인 결혼식을 별로 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t really like Korean style weddings우리는 결혼식의 날짜를 아직 안 정했어요 = We still haven’t set a date for the wedding우리가 한국 전통 결혼식을 할 거예요 = We will have a traditional Korean wedding
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postage stamp
우표 Common Usages:편지에 우표를 붙이다 = to put a stamp on a letter우표를 모으다/수집하다 = to collect stampsExample:저는 어렸을 때부터 우표를 모았어요 = I have collected stamps ever since I was young
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god
신 Common Usages:식신 = eating god – somebody who eats a lot신을 믿다 = to believe in godExample:옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 믿었어요 = A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of gods
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schedule
예정 Common Usages:~ㄹ/을 예정 = to be scheduled to do something (see Lesson 50 for more information)예정 대로 = as scheduled, according to scheduleExample:우리가 내일 도착할 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to arrive tomorrow저는 내일의 예정을 바꿨어요 = I changed tomorrow’s schedule수업이 4시쯤에 시작될 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to start at about 4:00pm그녀는 이번 달에 애기를 낳을 예정이에요 = She is scheduled to give birth this month비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요= The plane is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot우리가 제주도에 내일 갈 예정인데 태풍이 와서 갈 수 있는지 없는지 모르겠어요= We are scheduled to go to Jeju tomorrow, but because of the typhoon we might not be able to go오늘 삼성과 두산은 이번 시즌 우승을 위한 마지막 승패를 다툴 예정입니다= Today, Samsung and Doosan (the sponsoring companies of two baseball teams in Korea) are scheduled to fight/compete (in the last game) for this season’s title
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booger, a small amount of something
코딱지 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “코딱찌”Common Usages:코딱지만큼 = an idiom to say something is really small, for example:아빠가 코딱지만큼 먹었어요 = Dad only ate a little bit!Example:코딱지를 먹지 마세요! = Don’t eat your boogers!아주머니는 저한테 고기를 코딱지만큼 줬어요 = The lady only gave me a small amount of meat
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rice paddy
논 Common Usages:논을 갈다 = to plow a rice paddyExample:한국에서 논이 진짜 예뻐요 = Rice paddies in Korea are really beautiful
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nap
낮잠 (자다) Common Usages:낮잠을 자다 = to take a napExamples:저는 오늘 오후에 낮잠을 잤어요 = I took a nap in the afternoon today낮잠을 언제 잤어요? = When did you take a nap?애기들이 다 낮잠 자고 있어요 = All the babies are taking a nap나는 사자를 보는 게 무서웠지만 어쨌든 우리는 사자가 있는 곳에 도착했다. 하지만 사자는 낮잠을 자고 있었다.= I was afraid of seeing the lions, but, at any rate, we arrived at the place where the lions were. However, the lions were taking a nap.
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opinion, feedback
의견 Common Usages:의견을 내다 = to give an opinion의견을 존중하다 = to respect an opinion의견을 구하다 = to ask for an opinionExample:저는 의견을 말할 기회가 아직 없어요 = I still haven’t had a chance to say my opinion저의 의견을 설명했지만 그 사람들이 제 말에 동의하지 않았어요= Even though I explained my opinion, they didn’t agree with what I said이 의견에 대해 찬성을 하는 사람은 손을 들어 주세요= People in agreement about this opinion, please raise your hands
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to disappear
사라지다Common Usages:자국 없이 사라지다 = to disappear without a trace걱정이 사라지다 = for worries to disappear눈앞에서 사라지다 = to disappear in-front of one’s eyesExample:어느 겨울 꽃이 다 사라졌다 = Some winter, all the flowers disappeared부부는 어둠으로 사라졌어요 = The couple disappeared into the darkness토끼가 어두운 숲으로 사라졌어요 = The rabbit disappeared into the dark forest저의 돈을 훔치고 범죄자들은 어둠으로 사라졌어요= The criminals disappeared into the darkness after stealing my money무대 위에서 노래를 부를 때마다 저의 걱정과 고민은 모두 사라져요= Whenever I sing on stage all of my worries and fears disappear지구 기온이 점점 오르면서 한국에서 사계절이 사라진대요= As the global temperatures gradually increase, they say that the “four seasons” in Korea is disappearing
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to graduate
졸업하다Common Usages:졸업생 = a graduate졸업식 = a graduation ceremonyExamples:졸업을 언제 했어요? = When did you graduate?어느 대학교를 졸업했어요? = Which university did you graduate from?저는 10년 전에 서울대학교를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul University 10 years ago아들이 대학교를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요= Now that our son has graduated from University, we need to congratulate him캐나다에서는 간호대학을 졸업하자마자 간호사 일자리를 잡을 수 있어요= In Canada, as soon as you graduate from nursing school/college, you can find a position as a nurse
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to check into a hospital
입원하다 Notes: This often translates to “enter a hospital,” but it actually used to say that one enters a hospital, and then gets admitted. You would not use this word if you enter a hospital to visit somebody or to do some other task there.Examples:어제 병원에 입원했나요? = Did you go to/get admitted to the hospital yesterday?할머니는 어제 아파서 입원했어요= Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was sick저희 엄마는 어제 길에서 미끄러져서 병원에 입원했어요= Yesterday our mom slipped on the road and went got admitted to the hospital
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to check out of a hospital
퇴원하다Example:언제 퇴원할 수 있어요? = When will you be able to leave the hospital?
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to win
이기다Notes: In English the words “beat” and “win” are slightly different. However, in Korean, 이기다 is used for both of these words.Example:우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other team in the basketball game우리는 3대 2로 경기를 이겼어요 = We won the game 3 to 2우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 팀을 이겼어요 = We beat that team using good offense저는 형이랑 싸움에서 이겼어요 = I won in a fight with my brother
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to lose
지다Example:우리는 결국 마지막 경기에서 졌어요 = We ended up losing in the last game
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to regret
후회하다Common Usages:후회 없이 = without regrets행동을 후회하다 = to regret an actionExample:저는 그것을 말한 것을 후회해요 = I regret saying that그는 자기 차를 팔고 후회했어요 = He regrets selling his car
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to be pleasant
즐겁다Common Usages:즐겁게 = pleasantlyExamples:날씨가 좋아서 산책하는 것은 즐거워요 = It is pleasant go to for a walk because the weather is so nice고등학교 때는 같이 있는 것이 재미있었고 학교 가는 게 즐거웠었는데! 여전히 친구를 만나니 즐겁고 행복하다. 같은 추억을 가지고 있는 친구와 여전히 친구라는 사실이 이렇게 좋은 줄은 몰랐다.= It was very fun being together during high school time, and I enjoyed going to school (High school was very fun). I am happy and enjoying myself because I am still meeting my friends. I didn’t know it was so good/nice to still have friends with whom I have the same (childhood) memories with (I am glad that I can still meet old friends with whom I share childhood memories with).
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to not be enough, to be lacking
부족하다 Common Usages:돈이 부족하다 = to be short of money시간이 부족하다 = to be short on timeExamples:그 사람의 말은 항상 진실성이 부족해요 = That person’s words always lack sincerity그 사람은 참을성이 부족해서 못 기다렸어요 = That person is not patient (lacks patience), so he could not wait밧줄의 길이가 너무 부족하다고 했어요 = I said that the length of this rope is not enough (insufficient)시간이 부족해서 모든 내용을 가르칠 수 없어요= I can’t teach all the material because there is a lack of time돈이 부족해서 그것을 살 수 있는지 없는지 모르겠어요= I don’t know if I can buy that or not because I don’t have enough money시간이 부족해서 우리는 계획을 변경해 야 돼요= We need to change the plans because of the lack of time 삼성이 이 축제를 후원해서 돈이 부족할 리가 없어요= Samsung is sponsoring this event, so there is no way money can run out
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to be simple
간단하다 Common Usages:간단히, 간단하게 = simplyExamples:저는 학생들한테 그것을 간단히 설명했어요 = I explained it simply to the students한번 머리를 염색해 보니까 염색이 생각만큼 간단하지 않다는 걸 알게 됐다= Now that I have tried/attempted to dye my hair, I realize/can assert that doing so is not as simple as one thinks
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also
역시 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “역씨”Notes: Similar to the particle ~도. However, 역시 does not get added directly to nouns.역시 also gets placed as an adverb in sentences for feeling when the speaker says something that is “as expected.”나 역시 수학을 좋아하지 않아 = I also don’t like math
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some
몇몇Common Usages:몇몇 사람 = some people몇몇 학생 = some studentsNotes: Usually placed before a word meaning “people” to mean “some ____”
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especially, particularly
특히Example:학생들은 그 선생님을 특히 좋아해요 = Students especially like that teacher저는 특히 오른발이 왼발보다 커서 신발을 살 때 불편해요= My right foot is particularly larger than my left foot, so it is hard for me to buy shoes하지만 시간이 흐르면서 나는 점점 더 외로움을 느꼈다. 특히 친하게 지냈던 친구들이 각 자 자기 나라로 돌아가기 시작하자 더 외로움을 느꼈다.= But, as time when by, I gradually started to feel lonely. Especially as/when each of my close friends started to go back to their own countries, I felt lonelier.특히 내가 가장 좋아한 선물은 바로 분홍색 인형이었다. 그 인형은 너무 귀엽고 색깔도 예뻤다. 우리는 생일 축하 노래를 부르고, 선물을 교환하고 맛있는 음식을 먹었다.= My particularly favorite present of all was the pink doll. That doll was very cute and the color was pretty. We sang ‘happy birthday,’ exchanged presents and then ate delicious food.
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already
이미이미 can replace 벌써 in the first usage described above, but not the second one. That is, it can be used to indicate that one action has “already” happened. For example:저는 그 사실을 이미 알고 있었어요 = I already knew that fact내가 밥을 이미 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now저는 이미 여자 친구가 있어요 = I already have a girlfriend아빠가 돈을 이미 낸 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already paid부장님이 그 일을 이미 다 한 것 같아요 = It seems like the boss already did all that work
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already
벌써벌써 can be used to indicate that one action has “already” happened. These actions are usually finished when then speaker uses “벌써.” For example:저는 그 사실을 벌써 알고 있었어요 = I already knew that fact내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat nowIt can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. These actions don’t have to be finished for the speaker to use 벌써. For example:벌써 나갈 거야? = You are already leaving?학교가 벌써 끝났어요? = School is already finished?
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gradually
점점 Common Usages:점점 나빠지다 = to gradually get worse점점 좋아지다 = to gradually get better점점 추워지다 = to gradually get colderExample:요즘에 날씨가 점점 추워져요 = Lately, the weather is getting gradually colder중학생들의 치마는 점점 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting shorter and shorter
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eggs
계란Common Usages:계란찜 = steamed egg계란 후라이 = fried eggs계란 한 판 = a carton of eggs (this is also sometimes used as an idiom to say that somebody is thirty years old because there are typically 30 eggs in a carton of eggs in Korea)Example:저는 계란 두 개를 그릇에 넣었어요 = I put two eggs into the bowl
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a seat, a place to put something
자리 Common Usages:자리가 없다 = there is no place/nowhere to sit/no space자리가 있다 = there is a place/somewhere to sit/space자리를 잡다 = to save hold onto a seat일자리 = a position at work제자리 = the right/proper place자리를 뜨다 = to get up from a seat자리를 차지하다 = to occupy a place, seatNotes: Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 is some area of space, but not really 3-dimensional space. It is more space on the ground or something similar to that. For example, if somebody is standing where you are standing, you could say “get out of my place/my spot!” In that case, you can use 자리. In practice, it is very commonly used to have the meaning “seat”:자리가 없어요 = There are no seats/there is nowhere to sit그 책을 제자리에 두세요 = Put that book back in its place각 자리에 번호가 쓰여 있어요 = There is a number written on each seat
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importance, emphasis
중요성Common Usages:중요성을 깨닫다 /인식하다 = to realize the importance중요성을 강조하다 = to stress the importanceExample:한국 학생들은 영어의 중요성을 깨닫지 못해요 = Korean students don’t realize the importance of English
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a fine
벌금 Common Usages:벌금을 내다 = to pay a fine벌금을 부과하다 = to impose a fine on somebodyExample:PLAY벌금은 얼마였어요? = How much was the fine?경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 십만 원의 벌금을 물었어요 = The police officers gave the owner of the dog a 100 000원 fine
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file
파일 Common Usages:첨부파일 = attached file파일을 보내다 = to send a file파일을 복사하다 = to copy a file파일을 삭제하다 = to delete a fileExample:첨부파일을 확인하세요! = See the attached file저는 이메일에 파일을 첨부했어요 = I attached a file to the e-mail저는 파일을 2시쯤 보낼 거예요 = I will send the file at approximately 2:00
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lotion
로션 Common Usages:로션을 바르다 = to apply lotionExample:손이 부드럽지 않아서 로션을 발랐어요 = I put lotion on my hands because they weren’t soft
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customs, habit
습관Common Usages:식습관 = eating habits습관을 만들다 = to start a habitExample:한국 사람들은 옛날 습관을 아직도 따라요 = Korean people still follow old customs자기 전에 라면을 먹는 습관이 있어요 = I have the habit of eating ramen before going to bed
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skirt
치마Common Usages:짧은 치마 = short skirt치마를 입다 = to put on a skirtExample:어떤 치마를 사고 싶어요? = Which skirt do you want to buy?중학생들의 치마는 점점 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting shorter and shorter
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step, phase, stage
단계Common Usages:단계적으로 = in stages, step-by-stepExample:그 학생은 아직 첫 번째 단계에 있어요 = That student is still at the first stage
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some sort of negative act
짓 Common Usages:뭐 하는 짓이야? = What are you doing? (This is used when somebody is doing something weird, and you want to ask them “What the h*ll are you doing?”)Example:그 나쁜 짓을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do that (bad action)?
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to occupy a space
차지하다 Common Usages:자리를 차지하다 = to occupy a place, seatExample:그 차는 넓은 공간을 차지하고 있어요 = That car takes up a lot of room/space
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to collect, to come and pick up
수거하다 Common Usages:분리수거 = to separate garbage before collectionNotes: This word is most commonly used to refer to people coming to pick up garbage (garbage collection). You would think that this word wouldn’t be very common (how often do you talk about garbage collection), but it is used fairly often if you live in Korea.Example:쓰레기는 월요일마다 수거된다 = Garbage is collected every Monday
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to attach (a file)
첨부하다Common Usages:첨부파일 = attached fileExample:저는 이메일에 파일을 첨부했어요 = I attached a file to the e-mail그 파일을 첨부했습니까? = Did you attach the file?첨부파일을 확인하세요! = See/Check the attached file
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to tear, to rip
찢다Common Usages:찢어지다 = to be torn, ripped옷을 찢다 = to rip one’s clothes갈기갈기 찢다 = to rip to shredsNotes: If you want to say that you ripped a hole in your clothes, you can also use the idiom “빵구가 났다”Example:누가 이 옷을 찢었어요? = Who ripped the clothes?저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 편지를 찢었어요 = My girlfriend ripped up the letter that I wrote for her
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to expect
예상하다 Common Usages:예상대로 = as expected예상치 = an estimateExample:저는 돈을 더 많이 벌 것을 예상했어요 = I expected to make (earn) more money
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to be correct
올바르다 Common Usages:올바른 길 = the right path – both figuratively and literallyExample:저는 올바른 평가를 받지 않았어요 = I didn’t receive the proper evaluation
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to be complicated
복잡하다Common Usages:일이 복잡하다 = for work to be complicated길이 복잡하다 = for a street to be busy (usually with people)Examples:설명은 너무 복잡한가요? = Is the explanation too complicated?한국으로 이민하는 과정은 복잡해요 = The process of immigrating to Korea is complicated책상이 너무 복잡해서 책을 조금 치워 야 돼요 = I need to clear the books a bit because my desk is very messy/unorganized
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to be short, to be brief
짧다 Common Usages:짧은 시간 = a short time짧은 머리 = short hair혀가 짧다 = to have a lisp (literally, to have a short tongue)Example:학생들은 짧은 영화를 보고 있어요 = The students are watching a short film머리를 짧게 잘라 주세요 = Cut my hair short, please손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so short (like this)?중학생들의 치마는 점점 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting shorter and shorter
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usually
대개Example:어린 한국 사람들은 대개 영어로 조금 말할 수 있어요 = Young Korean people can usually speak English a little bit
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outside
바깥 Notes: This can be placed before a noun to describe it or to refer to the outside in general.Examples:미친 사람이 바깥에서 춤을 췄어요= A crazy man was dancing outside바깥 날씨가 추워요 = The weather outside is cold
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reciprocally
서로Notes: When you have two nouns as the subject, you can indicate that something was done to each other (reciprocally)Example:우리는 서로 편지를 줬어요 = We gave letters to each other
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must read
필독Notes: Technically a noun, but usually the translation makes it sound like it is a verb with an emphasis attached to it.Example: This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the subject of an e-mail) to indicate that the message is a “must read”
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how many days
며칠 Common Usages: This word has three main usages:When asking somebody how many days they will do somethingWhen asking what day it isTo say “a few days ago”Examples:한국에서 며칠 있었어요? = How many days were you in Korea?오늘은 며칠이에요? = What day is it today?우리는 며칠 전에 만났어요 = We met a few days ago
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(the color) green
초록색Notes: Color words that end in “색” are nouns. However, these words are often used like adjectives by placing them before a noun.Examples:제가 가장 좋아하는 색깔은 초록색이에요 = My favorite color is green저는 초록색 펜으로 썼어요 = I wrote with a green pen
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(the color) purple
보라색 Examples:저의 아버지는 보라색 차를 사고 싶어요 = My father wants to buy a purple car비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 바뀌었어요 = The sky turned purple the day after the rain
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(the color) light green
연두색 Example:연두색(의) 바지를 샀어요 = I bought green pants
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(the color) pink
분홍색Example:대부분(의) 여자들은 분홍색(의) 가방을 골랐어요 = Most girls chose the pink bag
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(the color) brown
갈색 Example:그 여자의 머리가 갈색이에요 = That girl’s hair is brown
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(the color) grey
회색Example:물이 왜 이렇게 회색이에요? = Why is the water grey like this?
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(the color) red
적색 Common Usages:적신호 = a red light, warning signExample:정부는 지진 가능성 때문에 적색 경보를 내렸어요 = The government issued a red alert because of the possibility of an earthquake
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snow
눈 Common Usages:눈보라 = blizzard눈을 치우다 = to shovel/clean up snow눈이 녹다 = for snow to melt눈이 오다 = for it to snowExamples:저는 집 앞에 있는 눈을 다 치웠어요 = I cleaned up the snow in-front of the house비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 = The plane is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot
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blizzard, snow storm
눈보라 Example:내일 눈보라가 올 거라고 했어요 = They say there will be a snowstorm tomorrow
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war
전쟁 Common Usages:제 1차세계대전 = Word War 1제 2차세계대전 = World War 2한국전쟁 = the Korean WarExample:우리 할아버지는 한국전쟁에서 싸웠어요 = Our grandfather fought in the Korean War
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a piece of work
작품 Common Usages:미술작품 = work of art문학 작품 = some sort of literary workExample:우리는 미술 수업 시간 동안 여러 가지의 작품을 만들어요 = We make many different types of works in art class
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date
날짜 Common Usages:날짜를 잡다 = to set a date날짜를 정하다 = to set a dateExample:우리는 결혼식의 날짜를 아직 안 정했어요 = We still haven’t set a date for the wedding
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bowl
그릇 Common Usages:그릇에 담다 = to put something in a bowlExamples:저는 계란 두 개를 그릇에 넣었어요 = I put two eggs into a bowl빵이 그릇에 담겨 있어요 = The bread is in/on the bowl
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one's back
등Notes: When you want to say that your “back hurts,” you should say “허리가 아파요” – which translates to “my hip hurts.”Example:등이 간지러워서 긁어 주세요 = Scratch my back! It’s itchy!
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back of hand
손등 Example:그는 손등에 뭔가를 썼어요 = He wrote something on the back of his hand
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fingernail
손톱 Common Usages:손톱을 깎다 = to trim one’s nails손톱을 칠하다 = to paint one’s nailsExample:저는 저의 등을 손톱으로 긁었어요 = I scratched my back with my fingernails손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so short (like this)?
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readers
독자 Example:Harry Potter의 독자들은 보통 중학교 혹은 고등학생이에요 = Most readers of Harry Potter are middle or high school students
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couple, married couple
부부Common Usages:신혼부부 = a recently married couple맞벌이부부 = a double income couple (where both husband and wife work)Examples:그 부부는 50년 전에 결혼했어요 = That couple got married 50 years ago저는 그런 부부가 되고 싶어요 = I want to be that kind of couple
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to change
변경하다Example:시간이 부족해서 우리는 계획을 변경해야 돼요 = We need to change the plans because of the lack of time
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to stop by
들르다 Common Usages:들렀다 가다 = to pop in somewhere for a bit, and then leaveExample:죄송해요! 저는 잠깐 집에 들러야 돼요 = Sorry! I need to pop into the house for a second
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to reveal, to show
드러내다Common Usages:마음을 드러내다 = to reveal one’s emotions/heart몸을 드러내다 = to reveal one’s bodyExample:그녀는 처음으로 그녀의 감정을 드러냈어요 = For the first time, she revealed her emotions남자는 자기 근육을 여자들에게 드러냈어요 = The man revealed his muscles to the girls
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to announce
발표하다Example:제가 너무 부끄러워서 발표를 못해요 = I can’t do presentations because I am so shy간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 발표했어요 = The executives announced that result at the meeting
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to be revealed, to be shown
드러나다 Example:그 사람의 정체가 드러났어요 = That person’s identity was revealed
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to be sea blue
푸르다 Notes: 푸르다 gets conjugated into 푸르러(요) when ~아/어 is added to it.I don’t know of any other word that acts like this.Example:해가 뜨기 전에 하늘은 푸르러요 = The sky was sea blue before the sunrise
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to be yellow
노랗다 Idioms:싹수가 노랗다 = to have a bad future ahead of youExamples:저 노란 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow house is pretty저 노란색 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow (colored) house is pretty불이 노래요 = The light is yellow
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to be red
빨갛다Common Usages:빨간색 = the color red얼굴이 빨갛다 = for a face to be redExample:얼굴이 왜 이렇게 빨개요? = Why is your face so red?PLAY빨간 사과는 가장 맛있어요 = Red apples are the most deliciousPLAY그녀는 빨간 셔츠를 입고 있다 = She is wearing a red shirt
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to be white
하얗다 Common Usages:하얀색 = the color whiteExample:하얀색은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요 = White is the purest colorPLAY나는 하얀 차를 사고 싶어 = I want to buy a white car
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to be black
까맣다Common Usages:까만 색 = the color blackExamples:그 남자는 매일 까만색 옷을 입어요 = That man wears black clothes every dayPLAY저는 보통 까만 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear black suits
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to be blue
파랗다Common Usages:파란색 = the color blueExample:파란 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 잘생겼어요 = Men with blue eyes are the most handsome
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to be delicate
섬세하다 Common Usages:감정이 섬세하다 = for one’s emotions to be delicateExample:소설가의 설명은 아주 섬세해요 = The novelists explanation is very delicate/sophisticated
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most
대부분Notes: Placed immediately before a noun to say “most.”Often times “의” is attached to 대부분 when it describes an upcoming noun.Examples:대부분의 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않는다 = Most people don’t eat breakfast대부분 사람들은 이런 음식을 좋아해요 = Most people like this kind of food대부분의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요 = Most monkeys live in trees
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counter for “bunch” of bananas or single flower
송이 Example:저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃 한 송이를 샀어요 = I bought one flower for my girlfriend그 마트에서 바나나 한 송이가 얼마예요 = How much is one bushel of bananas at that mart?
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counter for a “type/kind of thing”
종류 Common Usages:여러 종류의 = various types of…몇 종류… = a few types of어떤 종류의 = which type ofNotes: 종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about types of things.
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counter for a “type of thing”
가지 Common Usages:여러 가지의 = various types of…몇 가지… = a few types ofExample:나는 세 가지의 차가 있어 = I have three types of tea
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cloud
구름 Common Usages:구름을 걷히다 = for clouds to clear upExample:구름이 5분 전에 걷혔어요 = The clouds cleared up 5 minutes ago새는 구름 위에 날고 있어요 = The bird is flying above the clouds구름이 걷힌 후에 날씨가 좋았어요= After the clouds cleared up, the weather was nice
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competition
경쟁 common Usages:경쟁자 = competitor (competing person)경쟁사 = competitor (competing company)Example:일자리가 하나만 있어서 경쟁은 심할 거예요 = The competition will be extreme because there is only one job available
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competitors
경쟁자 Example:저는 경쟁자를 이겼어요 = I beat the competitor
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bath
목욕 Common Usages:목욕탕 = public bath house목욕하다 = to take a bathExample:오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really difficult, so I want to take a warm bath
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number
번호 Common Usages:전화번호 = phone number등록번호 = registration number등번호 = the number on a player’s back (in sports)Example:각 자리에 번호가 쓰여 있어요 = There is a number written on each seat
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watermelon
수박 Common Usages:수박 겉 핥기 = an idiom that describes something “superficial”Example:수박은 한국에서 너무 비싸요 = Watermelons in Korea are too expensive
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candy, cookies, snacks
과자Common Usages:전통 과자 = traditional candyExample:애기들은 과자를 많이 먹어요 = Babies eat a lot of candy/snacks
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suit
양복 Common Usages:양복을 입다 = to wear a suit양복을 맞추다 = to get a suit tailoredNotes:Literally “Western clothes”Example:저는 보통 까만 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear black suits양복을 입은 후에 몸이 따뜻해졌어요 = After I put on a suit, my body got warm
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to fly
날다Common Usages:날개 = wing날아가다 = to fly awayExample:새는 구름 위에 날고 있어요 = The bird is flying above the clouds
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to clear up (in weather)
걷히다 Common Usages:구름이 걷히다 = for clouds to clear up (go away)안개가 걷히다 = for fog to clear up (go away)Example:PLAY구름은 5분 전에 걷혔어요 = The clouds cleared up 5 minutes ago
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to sight see
구경하다 Common Usages:구경할래? = Shall we look around?Example:저는 유럽에서 구경을 많이 했어요 = I did a lot of sight-seeing in Europe저는 이 가게에서 잠깐 구경하고 싶어요 = I want to look around for a bit in this store그곳에서 구경하는 사람이 많아요 = There are a lot of people sightseeing in that place
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to fall behind
뒤처지다Common Usages:경기에서 뒤처지다 = to fall behind in a gameExample:그 학생은 또래보다 영어실력이 뒤처지고 있어요 = That student is falling behind his peers in English ability
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to pass, to overtake
앞지르다 Common Usages:상대방을 앞지르다 = to pass/go ahead of an opponentExample:경찰차는 우리를 빨리 앞질렀어요 = The police car quickly overtook (passed) us
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to supervise
감독하다 Common Usages:감독관 = proctor시험감독 = supervise/proctoring an examExample:학생들이 시험을 보는 동안 저는 그들을 감독했어요 = I supervised the students while they wrote an exam
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to feel
느끼다 Common Usages:느낌 = feeling느껴지다 = to be feltExample:저는 그녀가 저의 머리를 만지는 것을 느꼈어요 = I felt her touch my hair
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to remove, to clear away
치우다Common Usages:방을 치우다 = to clean up/organize a room눈을 치우다 = to remove/clean up snow물건을 치우다 = to remove an objectExample:저는 집 앞에 있는 눈을 다 치웠어요 = I cleaned up the snow in-front of the house엄마가 나한테 방을 좀 치우라고 했어 = My mom told me to clean up my room a bit책상이 너무 복잡해서 책을 조금 치워야 돼요 = I need to clean up (organize) the books a bit because my desk is very
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to wipe off, to erase
지우다 Common Usages:화장을 지우다 = to wash one’s makeup off얼룩을 지우다 = to get rid of a stain자기 전에 화장을 지워야 돼요= Before one sleeps, they should remove their makeup그 얼룩을 그 바지에 못 지울 것 같아요= You probably won’t be able to get rid of that stain on those pants선생님이 수업을 시작하기 전에 전 선생님이 칠판에 쓴 글을 다 지웠어요= Before starting the class, the teacher erased the words/writing that the previous teacher wrote on the board
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to put, to set, to place something
두다 Common Usages:놔두다 = to put something down두고 가다 = to set something down, and then goExample:그 책을 아무데나 두세요 = Put that book down anywhere!
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to be felt
느껴지다Notes: Usually ~게 is attached to an adjective and then 느껴지다 follows that construction.Example:저는 기숙사에서 외롭게 느껴졌어요 = I felt lonely at the dorm그 여행은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That trip felt like a long time
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to be sweet
달다 Common Usages:단 맛 = sweet tasteExample:스타벅스 커피가 너무 달아요 = Starbucks coffee is too sweet
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to be deep
깊다 Common Usages:깊은 의미 = deep meaningExample:애기 수영장은 깊지 않아요 = Baby swimming pools are not deep
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to be quiet
조용하다 Common Usages:조용! = Shhh! Be quiet!쥐 죽은 듯이 조용하다 = To be as quiet as a mouse (literally, as if a mouse died)Examples:요즘에는 길이 너무 조용해요 = These days the streets are very quiet학생들은 조용히 공부했어요 = The students studied quietly
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to be hot
뜨겁다 Common Usages:뜨거운 물 = hot water뜨거운 박수 = a warm applauseNotes: Only used to describe objects when they are hot. Not when describing the weather and usually not when describing one’s body temperature. It would only be used to describe a body temperature if somebody’s body is hot to the touch.Example:물이 매우 뜨거워서 만지지 마세요 = Don’t touch the water because it is very hot
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to be cold
차갑다 Common Usages차가운 물 = cold water차갑게 거절하다 = to reject coldlyOnly used to describe objects when they are cold. Not when describing the weather and usually not when describing one’s body temperature. It would only be used to describe a body temperature if somebody’s body is cold to the touch.Example:차가운 물을 주세요 = Please give me cold water
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to be nice, to be kind
친절하다친절한 사람 = a nice person친절하게 대우하다 = to treat somebody nicelyExample:한국 사람들은 아주 친절해요 = Korean people are very nice
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just before
직전 Example:한국에 오기 직전에 저는 한국어를 배웠어요 = I learned Korean right before I came to Korea
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right after
직후 Example:우리가 먹은 직후에 잠에 들었어요 = We fell asleep right after eating
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since
이래 Notes: 후에 is used much more commonly than 이래(로).Example:PLAY한국에 온 후에 한국어를 배우고 있어요 = After coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 배우고 있어요 = Since coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean
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within
이내 Example:저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn five languages within 5 years
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every
모든 Common Usages:모든 것 = everything모든 사람 = every personNotes: This looks like the dictionary form of this word should be “모드다” and ~ㄴ/은 is added to is to describe an upcoming noun. 모든 is the dictionary form of this word. It is placed before nouns to mean “all/every…”Examples:PLAY모든 학생들은 하루 종일 잤어 = All students slept all day모든 학생들은 그 문제를 쉽게 풀었어요 = All the students easily solved that problemPLAY모든 선생님들은 똑똑해요 = Every teacher is smart우리 선생님은 모든 학생들을 좋아해요 = Our teacher likes all students모든 한국 사람들이 밥을 먹어요 = All Korean people eat rice모든 학생들은 감기에 걸렸어요 = All the students have the flu
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everything
모든 것 Examples:저는 모든 것을 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat everything저는 한국어에 대해 모든 것을 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn everything about Korean
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everywhere
어디나 Example:저는 한국 어디나 여행하고 싶어요 = I want to travel everywhere in Korea우리는 동남아시아에 어디나 갈 거예요 = We will go everywhere in South East Asia밥은 어디나 맛이 똑같아요 = Rice tastes the same everywhere
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every time
언제나Example:PLAY그녀는 언제나 늦게 와요 = She comes late every time저는 언제나 똑같은 메뉴를 먹어요 = I always eat the same menu저는 언제나 똑같은 시간에 일어나요 = I always wake up at the same time
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everyone
누구나 Example:PLAY누구나 그 여자를 알아요 = Everybody knows that girl누구나 우리 애기를 보고 싶어요 = Everybody wants to see our baby누구나 한국을 좋아해요 = Everybody likes Korea
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something
뭔가 Notes: The subject and object particles in general can be omitted from any sentence (although I don’t suggest omitting particles until you have a very deep understanding of Korean), but they seem to be more commonly omitted from these types of sentences.Example:저는 방금 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something a minute ago등에 뭔가(가) 있나요? = Is there something on my back?저는 팔에 뭔가(가)느껴져요 = I feel something on my arm저는 뭔가(를) 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat something저는 뭔가(를) 말하고 싶어요 = I want to say something
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somewhere
어딘가 Notes: By the nature of the word “somewhere,” you are most likely to use the particles ~에 or ~에서 in these sentences. It would be acceptable to omit the particle ~에 from 어딘가 but less acceptable to omit the particle ~에서.Example:저는 열쇠를 어딘가(에) 두었어요 = I left my keys somewhere전쟁이 아시아 어딘가에서 났어요 = A war broke out somewhere in Asia피가 어딘가에서 나오고 있어요 = Blood is coming out of somewhere선생님들이 회의를 어딘가에서 하고 있어요 = The teachers are having a meeting somewhere저는 휴일에 어딘가에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go somewhere on the holiday저는 어딘가에서 커피를 마시고 싶어요 = I want to drink a cup of coffee somewhere
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sometime, some day
언젠가 Notes: ~에 is typically not attached to 언젠가. In both English and Korean, it isn’t logical to make sentences with “until somewhere” or “from somewhere.”Example:저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요 = I want to become a teacher someday그 날이 언젠가 올 거예요 = The day will come sometime구름이 언젠가 걷힐 거예요 = The clouds will clear eventually/sometime저는 언젠가 경찰관이 되고 싶어요 = I want to become a police officer someday저는 언젠가 중국어도 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn Chinese as well some day저는 언젠가 고향에 돌아가고 싶어요 = I want to return (go back) to my hometown some day
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somebody
누군가 Example: PLAY누군가(는) 너를 찾고 있어 = Somebody is looking for you저는 누군가의 열쇠를 찾았어요 = I found somebody’s keys경찰관들은 누군가와 얘기하고 있어요 = The policemen are talking with somebody누군가가 지갑을 잃어버렸어요 = Somebody lost their wallet
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anybody
아무나 Examples:저는 아무나 사귀고 싶어요 = I want to go out with anybody저는 이 선물을 아무에게나 주고 싶어요 = I want to give this present to anybody저는 아무하고나 축구를 하고 싶어요 = I want to play soccer with anybody
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anything
아무 거나 Example:PLAY저는 아무 거나 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat anything아무 거나 고르세요! = Choose anything!아무 거나 먹자! = Let’s eat anything!
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anywhere
아무 데나 Example:저는 아무 데나 가고 싶어요 = I want to go anywhere (I’d go anywhere)가방을 아무 데나 두세요 = Put your bag down anywhere
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anytime
아무 때나 Example:PLAY아무 때나 좋아요 = Anytime is good
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nobody
아무도Examples:PLAY아무도 나를 좋아하지 않아 = Nobody likes me집에 아무도 없어요 = There is nobody at home/There isn’t anybody at home저는 아무도 못 봤어요 = I didn’t see anybody/I saw nobody저는 아무도 만나고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to meet anybody/I want to meet nobody아무도 집에 가지 않았어요 = Nobody went home저는 그 말을 아무에게도 안 했어요 = I didn’t say that to anybody/I said that to nobody저는 아무하고도 얘기하고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to talk with anybody/I want to talk with nobody
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nothing
아무 것도Examples:PLAY저는 아무 것도 먹고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to eat anything/I want to eat nothing
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nowhere
아무 데도 Examples:PLAY아기는 아무 데도 가지 않았어 = The baby didn’t go anywhere/The baby went nowhere
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all
모두Examples:PLAY선생님들은 모두 똑똑해요 = All teachers are smart저는 가족 모두를 사랑해요 = I love all of my family저는 학생 모두를 가르쳤어요 = I taught all of the students학생 모두가 기숙사로 갔어요 = All of the students went to the dorm가족 모두가 고향에 갔어요 = All of the/my family went to the/our hometown선생님 모두가 회의에 갔어요 = All of the teachers went to a meeting저는 선물을 모두에게 주었어요 = I gave a present to everybody
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anytime
언제든지 Example:언제든지 오세요! = Come anytime!
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tongue
혀 Common Usages:혀를 깨물다 = to bite one’s tongue혀를 내밀다 = to stick out one’s tongue혀가 짧다 = to have a lisp (literally, to have a short tongue)Example:저는 혀를 그녀한테 내밀었어요 = I stuck my tongue out to her
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wallet, purse
지갑 Common Usages:지갑을 훔치다 = to steal a purse/wallet지갑을 챙기다 = to take your purse/wallet when you go somewhere지갑에서 돈을 꺼내다 = to take out money from a purse/walletExample:저는 지갑을 안 가져왔어요 = I didn’t bring my wallet저는 저의 지갑을 찾고 있어요 = I am looking for my wallet지갑을 가져갈 필요가 없어요 = I/you don’t need to bring a/your purse/wallet
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dorm
기숙사Common Usages:기숙사 생활 = dormitory lifeExample:저는 기숙사에서 외롭게 느껴졌어요 = I felt lonely at the dorm저는 처음에 저의 여자친구를 기숙사에서 만났어요 = I met my girlfriend for the first time in the dorm
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address
주소 Common Usages:이메일 주소 = e-mail address주소를 바꾸다 = to change an addressExample:여기에 주소를 써 주세요 = Please write your address here
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meeting, conference
회의 Common Usages:회의 중 = to be in a meeting회의를 열다 = to hold a meetingNotes:This refers to a meeting at a person’s job, not a meeting amongst family or friends.Example:우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 = We are going to hold a meeting next week about that problem간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 발표했어요 = The executives announced that result at the meeting
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hometown
고향Common Usages:고향이 그립다 = to miss one’s hometownExample:고향은 어디에요? = Where is your hometown? (Where are you from originally?)
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holiday
휴일 Common Usages:공휴일 = public holidayExample:저는 공휴일을 빼고 매일 일해요 = I work every day except for public holidays
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baby, infant
아기/애기 Common Usages:애기를 키우다 = to raise a baby애기를 낳다 = to give birth to a baby애기가 귀엽다 = for a baby to be cuteNotes: I believe the word was originally “아기” but through constant mispronunciation, the word has now evolved to “애기.”People often call their boyfriend or girlfriend “애기.” This makes some people sick.Examples:우리 애기는 이제 두 살이에요 = Our baby is now two years old애기들은 과자를 많이 먹어요 = Babies eat a lot of candy애기 수영장은 깊지 않아요 = Baby swimming pools are not deep우리 애기는 심한 감기에 걸렸어요 = Our baby caught a severe cold저는 나쁜 애기였어요 = I was a bad baby애기가 1분 동안 울고 배를 먹었어요 = The baby cried for 1 minute and then ate a pear우리 애기는 말을 잘해요 = Our baby speaks well우리 애기를 위해 그것을 사지 말자 = Let’s not buy that for our baby
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to go for a walk
산책하다 Common Usages:산책할래요? = Shall we go for a walk?Example:우리는 공원에서(/을) 산책했어요 = We went for a walk in the park날씨가 좋아서 산책하는 것은 즐거워요 = It is pleasant go to for a walk because the weather is so nice
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to be indifferent
무관심하다Example:우리 학생들은 영어에 무관심해요 = Our students don’t care about English
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to be severe, to be extreme
심하다 Example:우리 애기는 심한 감기에 걸렸어요 = Our baby caught a severe cold사람이 너무 많아서 서울에서는 교통혼잡이 심해요 = The traffic jams in Seoul are severe because there are too many people일자리가 하나만 있어서 경쟁은 심할 거예요 = The competition will be extreme because there is only one job available
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all day long
하루 종일Example:그는 하루 종일 그냥 컴퓨터를 해요 = He just uses the computer all dayPLAY모든 학생들은 하루 종일 잤어 = All students slept all day저의 게으른 남동생은 하루 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy brother doesn’t do anything all day
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old days, past
예전 Example:우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our dad sold clothes in the past
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to be interested in
관심이 있다 Notes: Very common noun that you can use to say “I am interested” in something. “~에” is added to the thing you are interested in, and 관심 is followed by ~이 있다. Translates directly to “I have interest in ____.”Examples:저는 한국역사에 관심이 있어요 = I am interested in Korean history그 학생은 과학에 관심이 별로 없어요 = That student doesn’t really have any interest in science
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at this moment
이때 Example:학생들은 항상 이때 힘이 없어요 = Students are always without energy at this time
