{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

1.6 - Collecting data and measurement Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Any data involving numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are variables?

A

Things that can change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable that changes to cause a different outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for an independent variable?

A

Predictor variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that we measure. It is affected by changes in the IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another name for a dependent variable?

A

Outcome variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four types of data?

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 data types are categoric variables?

A

Nominal

Ordinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 data types are continuous variables?

A

Interval

Ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does nominal data deal with?

A

Categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does ordinal data deal with?

A

Ordered categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is discrete data?

A

Whole numbers (no decimals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is interval data?

A

Data with equal differences between points on a scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of interval data?

A

Temperature. Can be positive or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ratio data?

A

Scale with equal differences and a true, meaningful absolute zero.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of ratio data?

A

Weight, height, reaction time

17
Q

Define measurement error

A

The differences between the numbers we use to represent what we’re measuring, and the actual value of what we’re measuring

18
Q

Define validity

A

Are we measuring what we intend to measure?

19
Q

Define reliability

A

Consistency within results

20
Q

Define internal validity

A

Are the effects observed in the study due to manipulation of the IV, or by another factor?

21
Q

How can we improve internal validity?

A

Control extraneous variables

Eliminate demand characteristics and investigator effects

22
Q

Define external validity

A

Refers to the extent to which the results can be generalised to other contexts

23
Q

Define ecological validity

A

Data generalised to other settings

24
Q

Define population validity

A

Data generalised to wider audience

25
Define historical validity
Data generalised to another time
26
How can we improve external validity?
Use natural settings that reflect the real world | Use random sampling
27
How can we assess reliability?
Test-retest reliability | Use statistical methods