1.6 - Collecting data and measurement Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is quantitative data?
Any data involving numbers
What are variables?
Things that can change
What is an independent variable?
The variable that changes to cause a different outcome
What is another name for an independent variable?
Predictor variable
What is a dependent variable?
The variable that we measure. It is affected by changes in the IV
What is another name for a dependent variable?
Outcome variable
What are the four types of data?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
What 2 data types are categoric variables?
Nominal
Ordinal
What 2 data types are continuous variables?
Interval
Ratio
What does nominal data deal with?
Categories
What does ordinal data deal with?
Ordered categories
What is discrete data?
Whole numbers (no decimals)
What is interval data?
Data with equal differences between points on a scale
What is an example of interval data?
Temperature. Can be positive or negative
What is ratio data?
Scale with equal differences and a true, meaningful absolute zero.
What is an example of ratio data?
Weight, height, reaction time
Define measurement error
The differences between the numbers we use to represent what we’re measuring, and the actual value of what we’re measuring
Define validity
Are we measuring what we intend to measure?
Define reliability
Consistency within results
Define internal validity
Are the effects observed in the study due to manipulation of the IV, or by another factor?
How can we improve internal validity?
Control extraneous variables
Eliminate demand characteristics and investigator effects
Define external validity
Refers to the extent to which the results can be generalised to other contexts
Define ecological validity
Data generalised to other settings
Define population validity
Data generalised to wider audience
