1.6 Energy And ATP

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The ability to do work

Question 2

What acronym helps remember energy forms?

Answer 2

Most kids hate learning GCSE energy names

Question 3

What forms can energy take?

Answer 3

Mechanical 
Kinetic
Heat
Light
Gravitational potential 
Chemical
Sound
Electric
Elastic potential 
Nuclear

Question 4

What is the conservation of energy?

Answer 4

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one form to another

Question 5

What is energy measured in?

Answer 5

Joules

Question 6

What is the main reactant in for energy?

Answer 6

ATP

Question 8

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 8

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 9

What is ATP?

Answer 9

A store of energy

A phosphorylated macromolecule

Question 10

What is ATP made up of generally?

Answer 10

The nucleotide contains:

One 5 carbon sugar
A Base
3 phosphate groups

Question 11

What is ATP made of exactly?

Answer 11

Ribose
Adenine (alkaline properties)
3 phosphate groups

Question 12

What two ways can ATP be drawn?

Answer 12

Ribose - hexagon
Adenine - rectangle on the top left corner
3 phosphates - 3 circles on the top right corner

Question 13

What is ATP made from? What process?

Answer 13

Made from glucose

In respiration

Question 14

How much ATP is produced from 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 14

38 molecules of ATP

Question 15

How is energy released from ATP? What process?

Answer 15

The breakdown of ATP in removal of 1 phosphate group using ATP hydrolase

Hydrolysis
Exothermic

Question 16

What is produced from the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 16

ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate
An inorganic phosphate group
Energy

Question 17

What is added and what enzyme is used in the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 17

A water molecule

ATP hydrolase

Question 18

What is the reaction for synthesising ATP?

Answer 18

It’s a reverse reaction

ADP + PO4 + energy -> ATP + H2O

Question 19

What kind of reaction is the synthesis for ATP?

Answer 19

Condensation
Endothermic
Reverse

Question 20

What enzyme is used to synthesis ATP?

Answer 20

ATP sythase

Question 21

Why is ATP continuously made?

Answer 21

It is unstable so there is only ever a 3 second supply in a cell

Constantly broken then synthesised

Question 22

What is the inorganic phosphate?

Answer 22

Not alive just matter

Floats around in the cytoplasm

Question 23

What is it called when a phosphate group is added to ADP?

Answer 23

Phosphorylation

Question 24

What are the three types of phosphorylation?

Answer 24

Photo phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate - level phosphorylation

Question 25

What is photo phosphorylation?

Answer 25

Takes place in ‘chlorophyll containing’ plant cells during photosynthesis

Question 26

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 26

Occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells during the process of electron transport

Question 27

How is the synthesis similar in photo and oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 27

The ATP is synthesised using energy released during the transfer of electrons along a chain of electron carrier molecules in chloroplasts or mitochondria

Question 28

What is substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 28

Occurs in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP to make ATP

Question 29

What features of ATP make it an immediate source of energy?

Answer 29

Energy is released in a simple single step reaction Releases small amounts of efficient energy for jobs that need doing Can be readily moved as it is soluble

Question 30

What is ATP a source of energy for?

Answer 30

Metabolic processes - assimilation of macromolecule from small ones Movement Active transport - energy to change shape of the carrier protein Secretion - needed to form lysosomes Activation of molecules

Question 31

What is the activation of molecules?

Answer 31

The phosphate group released from ATP when hydrolysed can phosphorylate other molecules to make them more reactive thus lowering the activation energy

Question 32

What property does ATP have that allows it to release energy?

Answer 32

An unstable bond between the middle and last phosphate This has a low activation energy which means this bond can be broken easily When it breaks it releases a considerable amount of energy