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601 - Exam 1 > 1.6 Epithelium I > Flashcards

1.6 Epithelium I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nerve Tissue

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2
Q

Define Epithelium

A
  • Lines everything in the body (covers and lines membranes)
  • Forms glands
  • Tight cells
  • Small amount in extracellular matrix
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3
Q

Define Connective Tissue

A
  • A “filler”
  • Protection and support
  • Stores energy
  • Provides immunity
  • ALWAYS associated with a lot of extracellular matrix
  • Loose cells
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4
Q

Define Muscle Tissue

A
  • Enables contraction
  • Elongated cells
  • Moderate amount in ECM
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5
Q

Define Nerve Tissue

A
  • Initiates and transmits action potentials (nerve impulses)
  • Long and numerous cell shape
  • Minimal amount in ECM
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6
Q

Is the epithelium vascular or avascular? Why?

A

Avascular b/c there’s a rich blood supply under it

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7
Q

Where is bilayered epithelium located?

A

In the ducts of body

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8
Q

Where is multilayered epithelium located?

A

Where highly abrasive surfaces are

- Ex: epidermis

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9
Q

Is there single layered epithelium?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What’s the role of the basement membrane?

A

It attaches the epithelium to underlying tissues (usually connective tissues)

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11
Q

What does the epithelial cell polarity help with?

A

Helps with its function of transporting and secreting

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12
Q

Epithelial cells typically line what type of surface?

A

Free surface

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13
Q

What are the primary germ layers of the epithelial cells and what are their subsections?

A

Ectoderm

  • Epidermis
  • Nervous System

Endoderm

  • Lining of respiratory and GI tracts
  • Glands

Mesoderm

  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle
  • Cardiovascular system
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14
Q

Define ectomesenchyme-neural crest

A

A group of cells that migrate from ectoderm to mesoderm

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15
Q

What are the functions of epithelial cells?

A 
Protection
Absorption
Secretory (sweat glands)
Transport
Excretory (gets rid of waste)
Sensory
Contractile
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16
Q

What are the epithelial cell subdivisions?

A 
Surface epithelium (covers and lines membranes)
Glandular epithelium (exocrine and endocrine glands; secretion and absorption)
17
Q

What helps determine surface epithelium’s function?

A

Number of layers
Morphology of surface cells
Surface specializations and modifications

18
Q

What are the types of surface epithelium and what are the types within those?

A

Simple epithelia

  • Simple squamous
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple columnar

Pseudostratified epithelia

  • Pseudostratified columnar
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Stratified epithelia

  • Stratified squamous (keratinized and non-keratinized)
  • Stratified columnar
  • Transitional
19
Q

What are the types of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endothelium

  • Name given to all blood vessels
  • Ex: arteries

Mesothelium

  • Outside lining in big cavities
  • Ex: lungs
20
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Simple squamous

21
Q

What type of simple squamous epithelium is this?

A

Endothelium

22
Q

What type of simple epithelium is this?

A

Mesothelium

23
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Simple cuboidal

24
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Simple columnar

25
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

26
Q

What type of epithelium is this?

A

Stratified squamous, keratinized

27
Q

What’s significant about pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

All cells sit at the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface

28
Q

What type of epithelial is this?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

29
Q

Where is transitional epithelial found?

A

In the bladder

- Cells flatten out so kidneys can distend

30
Q

What type of epithelial is this?

A

Transitional

31
Q

Describe microvilli

A
  • Increase absorption area
  • Microfilament (actin) anchors them
  • In GI tract
  • On plasma membrane
32
Q

Describe stereocilia

A
  • Irregular microvilli
  • NOT cilia
  • Have actin cores
33
Q

Describe cilia

A
  • Have a microtubule core
  • Anchored by the basal body
  • Move in a wave-like motion to move fluid or particles
  • Central core is called axoneme (9 peripheral doublets of microtubules and 2 central single microtubules)

601 - Exam 1 (10 decks)

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