Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHGY 1030 EXAM 3 > 16. Pulmonary Circulation > Flashcards

16. Pulmonary Circulation Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where does Pulmonary circulation arise from?

A

Embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the only organ to receive ENTIRE cardiac output ?

A

The lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capillary loops arise to meet __________ developing from ________,create _________

A

Alveoli,2o crests, Alveolar net

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulmonary artery and larger (conduit ) vessels are ________

A

elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary arterioles(resistance vessels) are highly ______________

A

muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pre-ascinar and ascinar vessels are ___________, ____________

A

Thin walled, non-muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is the 30% thickness of aorta in the wall and large branches of pulmonary artery?

A

Because it is important to regulate blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary arteries are flexible and ____________

A

Distensible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to your arteries when you are exercising?

A

More and more arteries start to open up and it helps with blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do these abbreviations stand for, RAP,RVP,PAP,PCWP,LAP?

A

-Right atrium pressure
-Right ventricle pressure
-pulmonary artery pressure
-Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
-Left atrium pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of gas exchange in pulmonary circulation ?

A

O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of filter in pulmonary circulation?

A

Capture emboli/clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of Blood reservoir for LV in the pulmonary circulation?

A

-Mostly within the thin-walled , distensible pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of Nutrient Supply in the pulmonary circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation-Alveolar duct & alveoli
Bronchial- Rest of lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pulmonary circulation is route for administration of which drugs?

A

-Epinephrine
-Prostacyclin
-Nitric Oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 5 Physiological factors help determine the effect of inhaled drug therapy ?

A

-Aerosol particle size and permeability
-Airway geometry
-Pulmonary circulation
-Lung clearance
-Underlying lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does V stand for and what does it mean?

A

V is for Ventilation, and it is how much air you are passing through the alveolar over minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Q stand for and what does it mean?

A

Q is for Perfusion. and it is how much blood is flowing past that alveolar unit per minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In which situation do you have a V/Q of 1?

A

-Pneumonia
-Pulmonary Edema
-Atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Shunted ventilation?

A

A perfused part of the lung is not adequately ventilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Alveolar dead space ventilation?

A

A ventilated part of the lung is not adequately perfused.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In which situations do you have a V/Q value of infinite ?

A

-Pulmonary embolism
-Pulmonary Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is pressure calculated?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pressure=Force/area

24
Q

Resistance relates to which physical properties of circuit?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Vessel size
-Series versus parallel circuit organization
-Fluid viscosity, laminar vs turbulent flow
-Extravascular mechanical forces

25
If your resistance increases, what effect does it have on the pressure?
-The pressure has to also increase
26
Pulmonary arterial pressure is more Flow sensitive in the ___________ lung.
-Hypoxic
27
How do you calculate Systemic Vascular Resistance(SVR) ?
SVR=(MAP-CVP)/CO MAP:Mean arterial pressure CVP:Central Venous Pressure CO: Cardiac Output
28
How do calculate Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
PVR=(Ppa-Pla)/CO Ppa=Pressure pulm artery Pla=pressure left atrium
29
What is an indirect measure of pulmonary arterial resistance?
Right to left shunting across ductus arteriosus
30
Whats happens in the shunt fraction in adults with closed ductus?
Shunt occurs across foramen oval and pre-capillary arteriovenous connections
31
What are 3 instances of shunts?
-Congenital cardiac anomalies with intracardiac arteriovenous mixing -Pulmonary hypertension -Acute hypoxic episodes in lung disease patients
32
What is the Pulmonary shunt fraction?
The ratio of shunt flow to the total flow or cardiac output
33
2-8% is Normal Bronchopulmonary circulation, so when it is greater than 15%, what does it suggest?
-Pathological perfusion of non ventilated regions.
34
What are passive factors that elevate PVR?
-Increasing Left Atrial Pressure -Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pressure -Increased Pulmonary blood volume -Increased blood viscosity
35
What are Active factors that elevate PVR?
-Alveolar Hypoxia -Acidemia -Alveolar Hypercarbia -Many humeral substances
36
How does Hypoxia effect the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance?
The PVR increases a lot and SVR decreases
37
Which vessel increases in pressure when you expand the lung and which one decreases in pressure when you expand the lung
Alveolar vessels increase in pressure Extra Alveolar vessels decrease in pressure
38
What happens at the Apex(top of the lung) of the lung?
Good ventilation ; prefusion poor due to gravity and pressure effect of alveolar inflation
39
What happens at the mid lung?
ventilation + perfusion well matched
40
What happens at the lower lung?
Perfusion better due to gravity
41
What happens at the basal lung?
Perfusion squashed by high interstitial pressure
42
What occurs in the Zone 1 of the lung?
-Alveolar pressure(PA)>arterial pressure(Pa)>Venous pressure(Pv) -Large Alveoli -Vessels collapse -No blood flow -Large alveoli squishes the vessels causing no blood flow
43
What occurs In the Zone 2 of the lung ?
arterial pressure(Pa)>Alveolar pressure(PA)>Venous pressure(Pv) -As your heart contracts the pressure increases and forces it open and then the capillary closes again
44
What occurs in the Zone 3 of the lung?
arterial pressure(Pa)>Venous pressure(Pv)>Alveolar pressure(PA) -In this blood flow increases and vessels are open and this is the vast majority of a person
45
When would you see zone 1 of a lung in a person ?
-You only see this when you are on a ventilator and are forcing pressure up to zone 1
46
Where would you see Zone 2 of a lung in a person ?
-This only exists above the heart and its only exist in the heart area
47
Where do you see Zone 3 of a lung?
-Majority of the healthy lung
48
When do you only see Zone 4 and what is it called, and what happens?
It is Intersitital pressure and it is only seen in edmia or pneumonia or low lung volumes. This causes the compression of alveolar vessels resulting in decreased perfusion
49
At rest what tidal volume do we breathe at ?
500mL
50
These alveoli do not need perfusion and so should be rerouted to other more ventilated alveoli.How?
-Hypoxic vasoconstriction leading to a shrinking zone 3 and expanding of Zone 2.( you are actively restricting blood flow and redirecting it.)
51
With larger breaths,More alveoli fill up and less _____________________
Vasoconstriction
52
Why is Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction necessary for ventilation/prefusion matching ?
Because without this you would have a problem with oxygenated blood and wouldn't have proper V/Q matching.
53
Hypoxic vasoconstriction reduces flow to ares of lower _______ tension by increasing ___________-
O2, local vascular tone
54
If the whole lung is hypoxic, what could happen?
You can overload the right ventricle and you will get right sides heart failure.
55
What are the Benefits of Prone Positioning ?
-no change in basic respiratory mechanics; work of breathing has not changed with body position -No change in tidal volume -No change in pulmonary circulating volume -Only change must be effective ventilation-(better matching of ventilation to perfusion)
56
How does hypoxia cause problems in end stage diseases?
the whole lung can can become hypoxic and cause heart failure

PHGY 1030 EXAM 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions