1.6 The End of the Cold War Flashcards
<p>Where is Afghanistan located?</p>
<p>Afghanistan is in the <strong>Middle East,</strong> Specifically the Persian Gulf. It is bordered by the <strong>Soviet Union, Pakistan</strong> and <strong>Iran</strong></p>
<p>What happened in Afghanistan 1978-1980?</p>
<p>A Pro-Soviet government took control in Afghanistan and received assistance from Moscow. This government became unpopular, and pro-Muslim factions tried to overthrow the puppet-leader, Amin. In 1979 the <strong>USSR invaded Afghanistan</strong></p>
<p>What was America’s reaction to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan?</p>
<p>Carter claimed this was <strong>the biggest threat to world peace</strong> since the end of the Second World War. He <strong>withdrew the SALT 2 proposal </strong>and stated that the USA would repel (possibly by force) any threat to American Interests in the Persian Gulf. This became known as the <strong>Carter Doctrine</strong></p>
<p>What impact did the Afghan war have on the Soviet Union?</p>
<p>The relations between the USSR and the USA became more <strong>confrontational</strong>, which effectively destroyed détente. Economic sanctions were imposed on the USSR by the USA</p>
<p>Which Olympics did the USA boycott and why?</p>
<p>The<strong> 1980 Moscow Olympic games</strong> due to the invasion of Afghanistan. Over 60 nations supported the Boycott.
The Soviet Union had been hoping to use the Olympics as a means to promote communism to the world</p>
<p>Which Olympics did the Soviet Union boycott and why?</p>
<p>The USA’s<strong> Los Angeles Olympics, 1984,</strong> in response to the Moscow Boycott. 15 communist countries stayed away</p>
<p>Give three examples of <strong>Reagan’s policies</strong> towards the Soviet Union</p>
<ul><li>Persuaded Congress to <strong>boost America’s spending on arms</strong>. In 1982 13% more money was spent. New weapons like trident submarines were developed</li><li><strong>He announced the “Reagan Doctrine”; </strong>The USA support anti-communist governments and anti-communist groups trying to overthrow communist governments</li><li><strong>SDI (Strategic Defence Initiative)</strong>: Star Wars was a scheme giving money to putting weapons in space. The violated the terms of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. It was years from being a possibility but Reagan spoke about it like a present reality</li></ul>
<p>What was the “Second Cold War”?</p>
<p>The deterioration of relations between the USA and USSR after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which led to a period of increased hostilities between the two nations</p>
<p>What were the long term consequences of the Afghanistan war?</p>
<ul><li>The US became further distrustful of the Soviet Union</li><li>It was estimated the Afghanistan war cast the USSR 18bn Russian rubles betwwn 1979 and 1986</li></ul>
<p>What problems did the Soviet Union have in the early 1980s?</p>
<ul><li><strong>Economic</strong>: During the Brezhnev era huge sums of money were spent on developing arms to keep pace with the USA. Investment in the USSR’s economy was low</li><li><strong>Low standards of living and lack of human rights</strong>, which led to unrest in Satellite states (Poland)</li><li>A run of <strong>short-lived leaders</strong>, leading to political instability (Brezhnev died 1982, Andropov 1984, Chernenko 1985)</li></ul>
<p>When did Gorbachev come to power?</p>
<p>March 1985</p>
<p>What was <b>Perestroika</b>?</p>
<p>Perestroika was a term used by Gorbachev that means restructuring, which referred to his reforms</p>
<p>What was <b>Glasnost</b>?</p>
<p>Glasnost means openess. Gorbachev wanted to allow greater freddom on concience and speech</p>
<p>When was the <b>Intermediate Range Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty</b> signed?</p>
<p>1987</p>
<p>Which leaders signed the INF Treaty?</p>
<p>Reagan & Gorbachev</p>
