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Flashcards in 16 wbc disorder Deck (16)
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1
Q

Two major types of WBC cancers or neoplasms

A

Lymphoid

myeloid

2
Q

Lymphoid

A

results from B & T lymphocyte precursor cells

3
Q

myeloid

A

results from malignant transformation of precursor cells

of granulocytic WBC’s, monocytes, RBC’s, & platelets

4
Q

Alterations of leukocytes and lymphoid function

A
  1. Infectious mononucleosis
  2. Leukaemia
  3. Leukopaenia
  4. Lymphadenopathy
5
Q
  1. Lymphadenopathy
A

Lymphomas
oHodgkin’s Disease
oNon Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma

6
Q
  1. Infectious Mononucleosis
A

◦Non-cancerous WBC disorder
◦Highest incidence between 15-25 years of age
◦Caused by virus in saliva
◦ Symptoms include fever, severe fatigue, sore throat, rash, and
enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen
◦Generally self-limited and resolves without complications in about
4 to 6 weeks

7
Q

Leukaemia

A

proliferation of immature wbc

bone marrow failure

8
Q

Leukaemia: classification

A

A malignant disorder of blood and blood forming organs that causes proliferation of
immature, undifferentiated cells (blast cells) which suppress the function of other b

9
Q

Leukaemia

 Chronic vs Acute

A

Depends on cell maturity and nature of disease onset ◦ Chronic: Mature WBCs, onset is more gradual, oral treatment or watch & wait ◦ Acute: Clonal proliferation of immature haematopoietic cells, fatal if untreated

10
Q

Name of leukaemia is based on type of WBC

A

◦ Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL)  Most common type of leukaemia in children
◦ Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) ◦ Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML

11
Q

Leukaemia: risk factor

A

 Sometimes exact cause unknown
 Genetic
 An increased incidence in association with other hereditary disease
(Eg, Downs Syndrome, Trisomy 13)
 Increased risk with some immune deficiencies
 Increased risk with exposure to environmental factors (benzene, cigarette smoke,
radiation, Hep C virus)

12
Q

Leukaemia: signs and symptoms

A

 Anaemia – fatigue, pallor, SOB
 Decreased number/function of WBCs – recurrent infection
 Thrombocytopenia - bleeding (purpura, ecchymosis, petechiae)
 Weight loss, night sweats, pain, changes in taste
 Leukaemic cells may infiltrate organs and lead to splenomegaly
and hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bone pain, meningeal
irritation, oral lesions, solid masses
 Leukostasis
 Life-threatening complication
 Caused by a high leukaemic white cell count in the peripheral blood
 Blood thickens and blocks circulatory pathways.

13
Q

Leukaemia: Diagnosis & classification

A

◦ Pathology: FBC

◦ Bone marrow examination

14
Q

To identify cell types and stage

A

◦ Morphologic, histochemical, immunologic, and

cytogenic methods

15
Q

 To determine the presence of leukaemic cells

outside of the blood and bone marrow

A

◦ Lumbar puncture

◦ CT scan

16
Q

Multidisciplinary Care

 Initial goal is to attain remission. leukeamia

A
oChemotherapy
oSupportive measures
Blood and platelet transfusions
Antibiotics
Antifungal/viral preparations
Corticosteroids
Radiation therapy
Total body irradiation in preparation for bone marrow transplant
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant