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Question 1

1) List the levels of Life’s organization and define each entity in the life’s organization. (12)

Answer 1

Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 2

Define Atom

Answer 2

The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure element.

Question 3

Define Molecule

Answer 3

A group of joined atoms

Question 4

Define Organelle

Answer 4

A membrane-bound structure that has a specific function within a cell

Question 5

Define Cell

Answer 5

Fundamental unit of life

Question 6

Define Tissue

Answer 6

specialized cells functioning in a coordinated fashion

Question 7

Define Organ

Answer 7

tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions

Question 8

Define Organ System

Answer 8

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together

Question 9

Define Organism

Answer 9

Single living individual

Question 10

Define Population

Answer 10

Group of the same species of organism living in the same place at the same time

Question 11

Define Community

Answer 11

All populations that occupy the same region

Question 12

Define Ecosystem

Answer 12

The living and nonliving compoments of an area

Question 13

Define Biosphere

Answer 13

The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible

Question 14

2) What is emergent property?

Answer 14

A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts

Question 15

3) List the properties of life. 5

Answer 15

energy use, 
evolution
Organization
maintenance of internal constancy, 
reproduction growth and development,

Question 16

Life property - organization

Answer 16

Consists of parts organized in a heirarchical pattern

Question 17

Life property - energy use

Answer 17

organisms aquire and use energy and nutrients to build new structures, repair old ones and reproduce

Question 18

Life property - maintenance of internal constancy

Answer 18

ability to sense and react to stimuli

Question 19

Life property - reproduction, growth and development

Answer 19

make other individual similar to self

Question 20

Life property - evolution

Answer 20

adapt to environment

Question 21

4) Describe the flow of energy and cycling of materials through and ecosystem.

Answer 21

Producers make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non-living sources. Consumers obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms. Decomposers obtain energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms and recycle nutrients to the

Question 22

Define Energy

Answer 22

Ability to do work

Question 23

Define Nutrient

Answer 23

any substance that an organism uses for metabolism, growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues

Question 24

Define Producer

Answer 24

(autotroph) organism that produces organic molecules by aquiring carbon from inorganic sources

Question 25

Define Consumer

Answer 25

(heterotrogh) organism that obtains carbon and energy by eating another organism

Question 26

Define Receptors

Answer 26

Molecule or cellular structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation

Question 27

Define Homeostasis

Answer 27

the ability of an organism to maintain a stable environment despite changes in the external environment

Question 28

Define DNA

Answer 28

(deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic material consisting of a double helix of nucleotides

Question 29

Define Traits

Answer 29

Genetically determined characteristic

Question 30

Define Inheritance

Answer 30

collective genetic characters transmitted from parent to offspring

Question 31

Define Reproduction

Answer 31

Producing individuals similar to self, DNA is passed along

Question 32

Define Development

Answer 32

the process of growth and differentiation by which the potentialities of a zygote, spore, or embryo are realized

Question 33

6)      List the 2 parts of the scientific name and define them.

Answer 33

Genus species - Genus groups species that share unique features, Species is distinct type of organism that share one or more heritable traits and can interbreed

Question 34

7)      How are organisms categorized based on the presence of absence of a nucleus?

Answer 34

Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic

Question 35

8)      List the 3 domains of life and define them.

Answer 35

Archaea/Bacteria/Eukarya Bacteria - lack nuclei, mostly unicellular Archaea - lack nuclei, mostly unicellular Eukarya - contain nuclei, uni or multicellular

Question 36

9)      Name the 4 sub classes of the domain Eukarya?

Answer 36

Protista, Ainimalia, Fungi, Plantae

Question 37

10)    List and define the steps involved in scientific method.

Answer 37

1. Observation and questions 2. Hypothesis and Prediction 3. Data Collection (from experiment or discovery) 4. Analysis and peer review

Question 38

Define scientific theory

Answer 38

Long-standing hypothesis that is used to many useful predictions

Question 39

Define Experiment

Answer 39

Test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

Question 40

Define Independent Variable

Answer 40

What is manipulated. Hypothesized influence on a dependent variable

Question 41

Define Dependent Variable

Answer 41

What is measured. Response that may be under the influence of an independent variable

Question 42

Define Standardized variable

Answer 42

Anything that is held constant for all subjects in an experiment

Question 43

Define Experimental Group

Answer 43

a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study

Question 44

Define Control Group

Answer 44

group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment

Question 45

12)   When does hypothesis become a scientific theory? 3

Answer 45

Hypothesis stands after years of tests, consistent with all data gathered, helped us make useful predictions about other phenomena

Question 46

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 46

DNA (transcription) RNA (translation) Protein

Question 47

What is RNA?

Answer 47

(ribonucleic acid) Nucleic acid typically consisting of a single strand of nucleotides. Intermediary between DNA and a polypeptide chain