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PTA Procedures II > 160 Final > Flashcards

160 Final Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Signs of Wound Infection

A

Redness

Swelling

Warmth

Odor

Yellow Crust formation

Pus, cloudy, watery fluid

Low grade fever, chills

Tender lumps/swelling at neck, armpit, groin

Tissue texture

Red streaks running from wound out

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2
Q

Post Surgical Swelling

A

Sweeling near the incision site is rish in protein. Distally is softer and pitting

Swelling occurs to the whole arm

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3
Q

Cellulitis

A

localized swelling and redness of the subcutaneous tissue

Sometimes combined with fever

commonly LE, can occur UE and face, torso

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4
Q

Manual Techniques for Lymph edema

A

Message, light gentle strokes in direction of lymph flow

Proximals to distal to proximal

Fibrotic tissue requires more “kneading”

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5
Q

Exercise techniques for lymphedema

A

Low exertion, slow and rhythmic

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Careful with weight lifting

Aerobic

Exercise with compression garments if possible

Posture

ROM in all extremities

Swimming is good, cautious with skin care

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6
Q

Documentation of a Wound

A

Size, Depth Location

Color

Odor

Alt Sensation

Circulation

Wet/Dry

Surrounding skin appearance

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7
Q

Stages of Wound Infection

A

Stage 1 - Erythemia of the skin. Epidermis still intact.

Stage 2 - Dermis penetrated. Wound is usually moist and pink with no necrotic tissue

Stage 3 - Subcutaneous penetrated. Tunneling and Undermining can ossur. Exudates and infection may be present.

Stage 4 - Deep tissue (fascia, bone, tendons) are affected. Tunneling, infecetion, exudates can occur.

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8
Q

Wound Dressings

A

Wet to wet - Stage II, III, IV, and unstaged

Wet to Dry - Stage II, IV for debridement

Transparent film - Satge I, II, with blister formation, over boney prominences, and non infected wounds

Hydrocollid - Stages II, III with minimal drainage

Hydrogel - Stages II, III

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9
Q

Wound Dressing Purpose

A

Stop the spread of infection, from wound to other areas

Prevent contamination

Control hemmorhage

Absorb wound drainage

Assist in wound healing

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10
Q

Compression Wrap Purpose

A

Prevent re-accumulation of Evacuated lymph fluid

Pressure applied to reduce filtration

Improves muscle and joint pumps

Breaks up fibrotic tissue

Facilitate protein absorption

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11
Q

Debridement Methods

A

Sharp - scalpel

Mechanical - hydrotherapy

Chemical - rarely used

Autolytic - bodies own enzymes to rehydrate necrotic tissue

Enzymatic - application of gels to rehydrate necrotic tissue

Bilogical - maggot therapy

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12
Q

Pressure relief techniques

A

Chair pushups

Lean from side to side

Airflow beds

Freq position changes

Bed incline at min 30 degrees to prevent sliding

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13
Q

Lymphedema

(characteristics)

A

Feeling of fullness in area

Tightness of skin

Affects LE, sometimes UE

Loss of motion in wrist, hands, ankle

Uncomfortable, not painful

Asymmetrical

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14
Q

Lymphedema

(Skin Changes)

A

Shiny

Tough

Blisters

Papillomas: small benign epithelial tumors

Hyperkaratosis: Thickening of the outer layer of skin

weeping, oozing lyph fluid

Superficial skin lesions

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15
Q

Lymphedema

(treatment)

A

Compression bandages help to prevent further swelling

Manual exercise, and exercise

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16
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

*Too little systmeic insulin

Flushed, dry skin

drowsy

thirsty

high glucose in urine

fruity odor breath

Vomiting

Loss of appetite

*Treat with insulin

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17
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

*Low blood sugar d/t excessive insulin

Perspiration

Anxiety, irritability

Shakey, trembling

Weakness

Pale moist skin

Convulsion

Confusion

*Treated with candy, juice, rest

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18
Q

Measuring edema accuracy

A

Boney landmarks

Same tape meaurer

Tension gauge

Same person to meaure (if possible)

Taken in CM

Relaxed position

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19
Q

Steril Field Rules

A
  1. Steril person’s withing a sterile field only
  2. Once package is opened, borders are contaminated
  3. Waist/Table top above is sterile
  4. Top of table is sterile only
  5. Movement within, breaks field
  6. Particles (coughing, talking) breaks field
  7. Prepare close to time needed
  8. Non-sterile person can prepare sterile field
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20
Q

Venous insufficiency

A

Venous flow in poor

Dark dusky appearance

Dry and flaky

Low protein

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21
Q

Arterial Insufficiency

A

Thin, red, shiny skin appearance

Hairloss

Painful with elevation

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22
Q

Ascites

A

Abdominal swelling. Can travel into LE

Commonly caused by liver cirrhosis

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23
Q

Anasarca

A

General edema in very ill pts

CHF, Renal failure, Electrolyte imbalance

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24
Q

Lipedema

A

Low protein primarily in the LE

Women

Does not include dorsal swelling

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25
Lymphedema and Kinesio taping
10 % tension high anchor increases space for fluid to flow back up into
26
Amputation Levels
Preserve as much boneand joints as possible. Determined by presence of pulse. TT - Mid Tibia TF - Mid Femoral Hip Disartic - Removal through acetabulum Symes - Ankle (malleoli and below) Transtarsal - Mid tarsals Chopart - Ankle (saves Calcaneus and talus)
27
Jewett Hyperextension
Limits flexion and puts paient into extension TLSO
28
Milwaukee Brace
Extended up to the neck Scoliosis
29
Boston Brace
Helps with scoliosis Clamshell, TLSO
30
Clamshell Brace
Used when the spine/spinal cord has been injured Prevents flex, ext, twisting
31
Phantom Pain
Pain sensation felt where the limb used to be Treatment: TENS Message Heat Biofeedback
32
Subtalar Neutral
About 0-5 degress inversion
33
Femoral anti- retro version
Antiversion of 12-15 is normal The angle of the femoral head within the acetabulum
34
Tibial Torsion
Normal is 15-20 ER
35
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation in the lungs Often caused by L ventricular Failure. Also from injury
36
Heat stroke
Diaphoresis, dry Flushed or gray Elevated temp Nausea Labored breathing Strong rapid pulse Pupils contract then dilate Collapse, convulsing Unconsciousness
37
Heat exhaustion
Profuse sweating No fever Weak rapid pulse Shallow rapid breathing Pale Collapse Nausea Unconsciousness Norm pupils
38
Heat exhaustion & stroke treatment
Move to cool shaded area with good airflow Ice to groin, axilla, forehead EME personell Heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke 1. Refusal of liquids 2. Vomiting 3. Schock 4. LOC
39
Fracture Procedure
Gather info on cause, location, pain Restrict mvmnt Monitor HR, BP Palpate for swelling, tenderness, deformity, bruising Apply support with firn object Cover with sterile dressing If Spinal fx is suspected (use 3 ppl to log roll onto a flat board) Evaluate neurological function and sensation Call for transport
40
Burn Procedure
Remove agent causing the burn If chemical dilute with water Remove clothing around burn, not what is a part of the wound Remove jewelry Call EME if bad Observe for shock, resp distress Call for transport
41
Seizures Procedure
Place pt in safe location, position. Move objects out of way Keep airways open. (not by placing anything in the mouth) Head tilt, jaw thrust Monitor respiration. May have an episode of tonic contraction of all muscles, ceasing resp for 50-70 secs. when breathing returns it will be slower and deeper. Allow rest
42
Fall Risk Factors
\>65 Impaired vision/hearing Use of A.D. Decreased strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, proprioception Prev Hx of falls Seizure, syncope, vertigo Medication Inattentiveness to while walking
43
Shock Procedure
Determine cause Calm pt Cool compress Monitor HR BP Place person supine, legs elevated Control bleeding if present Call for Treatment Monitor
44
Allergic RXN Procedure
Initial 1. Calm Pt 2. Identify/remove agent 3. Apply ice/calime for itch 4. Observe for increased signs 5. Obtain/refer for med assist Severe 1. Check aiways (if compromised, get assist and begin CPR) 2. Assist with ingestion/injection of meds (if DIB, do not ingest) 3. Pt supine, LE elevated to prevent shock
45
Allergiv RXN Signs
Acute: 1. Itchy skin 2. Rash 3. Redness 4. Swelling 5. Sneezing 6. Hives 7. Itchy/watery eyes Severe 1. Facial swelling 2. DIB, wheezing 3. Abd pain, Nausea, Vomiting 4. Dizziness, syncope
46
Autonomic Hyperreflexia
Dysreflexia Sympathetic response to a noxious stimulus below the lesion of injury. (Cervical to T6 injury) * HTN * Headache * Profuse sweating * Red skin blotches * Goosebumps * General ill feeling * Convulsion * Poss unconsciousness
47
Autonomic Hyperreflexia Treatment
Place pt recumbant or sitting (not supine) Identify and remove stimulus Monitor vitals Obtain Med assist
48
Cardiac Arrest Treatment
CPR 911 AED
49
Plantar Fascia
Plantar aponeurosis Originates medially off calcaneal tuberosity and atatches at the base of the proximal phalanges Provides stability durig toe off phase. Support longitudinal arch or foot
50
Metatarsalgia
Pain at the metatarsal heads due to fatty pad atrophy causing compression of th plantar digital nerve
51
Morton's Syndrome
Neuroma in the plantar digital nerve because of compression Try to redistribute the pressure from the 2nd and 3rd MTP to the proximal hallux and stabilize rearfoot Shoe: Longe medial counter, wide oe box, thomas heel or wedge
52
Post Surgery Pre Porsthetic Limb care
Edema control * Wrapping * RIgid removal dressings Desensitization Preventing scar tissue Phantom sensation Strengthening (prevent contractures) * Hip flex/ext * Kne flex, ext
53
Quadrilateral socket construction
Post wall - Brim to Ischial Tuberosity (hip in 15-20 flex Medial wall - Same height as post wall, groove cut out for pressure releif. Slight Add for abd stretvh Ant wall - 2 1/2 inches taller to keep ischium on seat Lat wall - Same as ant wall to stabilize limb in prosthesis Distal end - Designed for pt comfort * Total contact, hard plastic end * Distal air chamber - soft leather pad * Open
54
Abducted Gait Prosthetics
High Medial Wall Too long Abductor contracture
55
Circumducted gait Prosthetic
Knee locked in ext No PF Too long Weak hip flex Abd Contracture
56
Lat trunk bend gait Prosthetics
Short limb Weak Abductors High medial wall (pain) Low lateral wall (stability)
57
Vaulting Gait Prosthetics
Knee locked in ext Weak hip flex Too long
58
Lumbar lordosis gait Prosthetics
Tight hip flex Short ant wall Painful ischial WB Weak hip ext Weak abdominals
59
Unever step length gait Prosthetics
Weak stump Poor balance Hip flex contracture on unaffected side Weak hip ext Improper socket fit Pain Not enough flex
60
Terminal swing impact gait Prosthetics
Not enough knee friction Excessive hip flex with strong hip ext
61
Foot slap gait Prosthetic
Heel too soft DF foot Knee Flex Foot too posterior PF bumper too soft
62

PTA Procedures II (1 decks)

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