cancer cells: Flashcards
what are the 2 types of tumours?
= benign
= malignant
What is cancer?
= result in mutations in genes that affect mitosis
= non functuining proteins are made, mitosis is not regulated results to uncontrollable mitosis, and creates a tumour
What does benign tumours do?
= grow very large slow rate
= non cancerous- produce adhesion molecules that stick together and to a particular tissue
= surrounded by a capsule remain compact
= can be removed by surgery
= impact is localised, does not spread
What are malingnant tumours?
= these are cancerous and grow large rapidly
= cell nucleus become large and cells can become unspecialised
= dont prouce adhesive molecules and not containing within a capsule, so metasise, tumour cells can break off into the blood stream and spread
= threse can grow and spread and develiop its own blood supply
How can we deal with malingnant tumours?
= life threatening
= may need supplementary treatment
= reccurence is more likley
What is the development of a tumor caused by?
= abnormal methylation of tumour supressor genes and oncogenes, or increase oestrogen concentrations
How do oncogenes work?
= mutated versions of protoocnogenes, creates a protein in controlling mitosis, by intiation dna replication in interphase,
= mutations causes oncogenes, permanently actvated, so uncontrolalble cell mitosis
How does increases oestrogen concentration cause breast cancer?
= oestrogen is produced in ovaries, to regulate menstrual cycle
= oestrogen is not made in the ovaries it is made in fat cells in breats tossues
= tumor means more oestrogen is released so tumour increases and attracts white blood cell and increases tumour size
= oestorgne can activate a gene by binding to a gene that iniatiaes transcription protononcogene is perannrnyl tuned on and consantly producig protein thay activates cell division
