Chapter 11

Question 1

How are chromosomes organized?

Answer 1

Organized in 23 pairs, in the nucleus. Sex chromosomes not paired in human cells.

Question 2

Why do organisms reproduce sexually?

Answer 2

Genetic Variety improves chances of particular group to survive & reproduce.

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Cell Division(no Sex Cells); PMAT, produces 2 daughter cells.4 Stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 4

Prophase

Answer 4

Visible chromosomes form as chromatin becomes compact, Nucleus dissolves. Spindles form

Question 5

Metaphase

Answer 5

chromosomes move to middle.

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

Chromosomes pulled away from each other towards opposite poles via spindles.

Question 7

Telophase

Answer 7

spindles gone, nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

cell splits into two daughter cells

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

cell division for sex cells. produces 4 daughter gametes. PMATx2

Question 10

Metaphase 1

Answer 10

chromosome pairs move to center of cell

Question 11

Anaphase 1

Answer 11

homologous chromosomes move to opposite sides of cell

Question 12

Meiosis 1 vs 2

Answer 12

in 1, homologous chromosomes separate, in 2 sister chromatids separate

Question 13

chromatid

Answer 13

one half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 14

chromosome

Answer 14

package of DNA with genetic material of an organism found in nucleus

Question 15

Crossing over

Answer 15

exchange of genetic material between 2 homologous chromosomes, prophase 1

Question 16

prophase 1

Answer 16

crossing over takes place, nucleus dissolves, chromatin become chromosome

Question 17

gamete

Answer 17

reproductive/sex cell, sperm/egg

Question 18

homologous

Answer 18

having same structural features/genetic patterns

Question 19

recombination

Answer 19

exchange of genetic material to make new combos of alleles/traits

Question 20

allele

Answer 20

alternate form of a gene

Question 21

chiasmata

Answer 21

point where crossing over occurs

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

Cytoplasm divides & cells split to two daughter cells.

Question 23

Interphase

Answer 23

the cell is developing, once big enough it replicates chromosomes & starts mitosis

Question 24

haploid

Answer 24

n chromosomes. meiosis 1 makes 2 of these, meiosis makes 4 of these

Question 25

diploid

Answer 25

2n chromosomes. they undergo mitosis.