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Abeka Physical Science > Test 11 > Flashcards

Test 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What action would likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

increase surface area

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2
Q

What quantity decreases in every spontaneous reaction?

A

usable energy

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3
Q

What type of electrochemical cell uses an electric current to produce a chemical reaction?

A

electrolytic cell

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4
Q

What type of electrochemical cell is designed to recharge with electricity from an outside source?

A

storage cell

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5
Q

What is the general term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not permanently changed or consumed in the reaction?

A

catalyst

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6
Q

represents a combination reaction

A

A + B -> AB

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7
Q

What principle says that when an equilibrium is disturbed, the system will behave in a way that at least partially offsets the disturbance?

A

Le Chatelier’s principle

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8
Q

Mathematically, the pH of a solution is the additive inverse of the ________ when (H3O+) in moles per liter is expressed as a power of ten.

A

exponent

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9
Q

represents a double-displacement reaction

A

AB + CD -> AD + CB

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10
Q

What substance is used for food storage in plants?

A

starch

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11
Q

What substances are used to transport cholesterol through the body?

A

lipoproteins

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12
Q

What molecule is used as a working copy of genetic information?

A

RNA

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13
Q

What is slippery to the touch, has a bitter taste, and turns litmus paper blue?

A

base

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14
Q

What is the name of the H3O+ ion?

A

oxonium

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15
Q

What lipid contains no double bonds?

A

saturated fat

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16
Q

What is the general term for a reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms?

A

redox reaction

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17
Q

What property helps explain the uniqueness of carbon?

A

Carbon has four valence electrons

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18
Q

What is an organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with an -OH group?

A

alcohol

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19
Q

statement that describes the structure of DNA

A

Two backbones connected by base pairs form a double helix

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20
Q

The energy carrier of the cell is the compound named ______.

A

ATP

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21
Q

The principle that states the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products is the ______.

A

law of conservation of mass

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22
Q

Reactions that can proceed in either direction are said to be ________ reactions.

A

reversible

23
Q

An electrochemical cell that generates electricity using substances that are continually replenished from an outside source is a ______ cell.

A

fuel

24
Q

To balance an equation, you can only change the _________, not the subscripts.

A

coefficients

25
Q

A compound that has a cyclic structure with delocalized electrons is an ________ hydrocarbon.

A

aromatic

26
Q

hydrocarbon containing only single bonds

A

alkane

27
Q

contains a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom

A

haloalkane

28
Q

always found in the middle of a molecule, never on the end of a carbon chain

A

ester

29
Q

hydrocarbon that contains one or more double bonds

A

alkene

30
Q

salt of a carboxylate ion

A

soap

31
Q

What term describes the kinetic energy necessary for reactant molecules to undergo a chemical reaction?

A

activation energy

32
Q

What term describes a chemical equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow?

A

balanced

33
Q

What is a segment of DNA containing the code for a specific substance, task, or characteristic?

A

gene

34
Q

What term describes a substance that is neither an acid nor a base?

A

neutral

35
Q

What branch of chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds?

A

organic chemistry

36
Q

What term describes a situation in which two reactions in opposite directions occur at the same rate?

A

equilibrium

37
Q

What group is characterized by being insoluble in water?

A

lipids

38
Q

What group consists of smaller molecules linked by peptide bonds

A

proteins

39
Q

What group consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio?

A

carbohydrates

40
Q

The substances that undergo a chemical change are the ________.

A

reactants

41
Q

An ionic compound that does not contain either a hydrogen ion or a hydroxide ion is a _____.

A

salt

42
Q

Using an electrical current passing through a solution to coat an object with a thin layer of metal is ________.

A

electroplating

43
Q

What is the study of the rates of chemical reactions?

A

chemical kinetics

44
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

amino acids

45
Q

A number indicating how many molecules or formula units of a substance are involved in reaction is a _______.

A

coefficient

46
Q

The pH of water is ___.

A

7

47
Q

A chemical change resulting from a collision between molecules

A

chemical reaction

48
Q

reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings and stores the energy in chemical bonds

A

endothermic reaction

49
Q

reaction that involves a single substance breaking down into two or more other substances

A

decomposition reaction

50
Q

reaction that can occur without continuing outside help

A

spontaneous reaction

51
Q

What property can a scientist use to determine whether a substance is a monosaccharide or a polysaccharide?

A

structural formula

52
Q

A change in color is evidence of a ______ change.

A

chemical

53
Q

Adding more of an element on the left side of an equation causes more products to form, and the equilibrium will shift to the ______.

A

left

Abeka Physical Science (9 decks)

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