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Nutrition terminology - contains nutrients and digestive system > Major nutrients > Flashcards

Major nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide, disaccharides and polysaccharides
simple + complex

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2
Q

functions of carbohydrates

A

provide energy
regulate blood glucose
build other molecules
storage of energy once converted to fats

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3
Q

simple carbohydrates

A

easy to break down through digestion → made up of one or two sugar molecules

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4
Q

simple carbohydrates examples

A

monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose)

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5
Q

complex carbohydrates

A

harder to break down because the sugar molecules are in longer, complicated chains
made up of three or more sugars joined together

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6
Q

complex carbohydrates examples

A

polysaccharides (starches, fibres, glycogen)

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7
Q

mono gastric animals - role carbohydrates

A

provide an essential fermentative substrate to the microbiome

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8
Q

ruminant animals - role of carbohydrates

A

provide substrate for growth of ruminal microbes and production of microbial protein

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9
Q

chemical structure of monosaccharide

A

mono stands for single
single sugars
structural isomers → share the same molecular formula
C6H12O6

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10
Q

chemical structure of disaccharides

A

sugars composed of two monosaccharides joined together
simple carbohydrates

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11
Q

polysaccharides

A

many sugars

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12
Q

oligosaccharides

A

few sugars

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13
Q

macronutrient

A

generally needed in large quantities to provide energy

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14
Q

micronutrient

A

essential in small amounts for the normal process and functions

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15
Q

water functions

A

lubricant (eyes, nose, mouth)
solvent (to enable digestion of nutrients)
transport (blood)
regulator (removing heat produced by organs)
cleanser (removes toxins)

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16
Q

how is water lost in the body

A

urination
defecation
saliva
respiration
sweating
evaporation
milk
bodily fluids

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17
Q

structure of a protein

A

made up of many polypeptides (50+ amino acids)
contains nitrogen → whereas the other 3 nutrient groups that provide energy don’t contain nitrogen

18
Q

functions of proteins

A

growth and repair of body tissues
production of hormones and enzymes
form the immune system (through amino acids)
storage of energy once converted to carbohydrates and fats

19
Q

carboxyl group

A

COOH

20
Q

amino group

A

NH2

21
Q

structure of amino acids

A

Carbon , Hydrogen , Oxygen , Nitrogen
- central carbon bonded to carboxyl group
- amino group
- hydrogen atom
- R group (changes depending on what type of amino acid)

22
Q

peptides

A

strings amino acids joined by a peptide bond

23
Q

peptide bond

A

when a carboxyl group in one molecule of an amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid molecule and releases a molecule of water

24
Q

function of fats/lipids

A

energy storage
insulation
vitamin absorption and transport (E, D, A, K)
help reinforce cell membranes

25
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

full of hydrogens
single bond between carbons
carboxyl group
straight structure

26
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

full of hydrogens
double bond between two carbons
carboxyl group
bent structure

27
Q

vitamins

A

organic substances used by the body for proper functioning

28
Q

organic

A

something containing carbon

29
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamins stored in fats in the body
vitamins A, D, E, K

30
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

vitamins not stored in the body and therefore the body needs them daily
vitamin C and B group vitamins

31
Q

vitamin functions

A

wound healing
maintaining healthy skin / fur / coat
blood clotting
chemical reactions in the body
growth and development

32
Q

minerals

A

inorganic materials needed in small quantities

33
Q

how do animals obtain minerals

A

drinking water
plants take up minerals via water → some animals eat those plants and other animals eat those animals

34
Q

macrominerals

A

needed in large quantities
necessary for skeletal structure and transference of nutrients

35
Q

examples of macro minerals

A

calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
potassium

36
Q

microminerals

A

needed in small quantities
help the formation of enzymes

37
Q

examples of micro minerals

A

fluorine
iodine
zinc
iron

38
Q

enriched food

A

lost vitamins and minerals are added back into the foods
(vitamins and minerals are lost through cooking or processing food)

39
Q

fortified food

A

extra vitamins and minerals are put into the foods

40
Q

what does the body need energy for?

A

movement
growth
reproduction
repair damaged tissues
maintenance of bodily functions

41
Q

the six nutrient group

A

vitamins
minerals
carbohydrates
protein
water
fats / lipids

Nutrition terminology - contains nutrients and digestive system (6 decks)

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