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Chemistry > Nat5 Important > Flashcards

Nat5 Important Flashcards

1
Q

How to increase rate of reaction?

A
  • increase speed (adding a catalyst)
  • increase particle size
  • increasing temperature
  • increasing concentration
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2
Q

Formula for average rate of reaction?

A

Change in product ÷ Change in time

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3
Q

For average reaction, how to get the best answer?

A

Always make sure it’s positive

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4
Q

What are iso topes ?

A

Same atomic number (bottom)
Different mass number (the top)

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5
Q

Types of bounding structures?

A

Covalent molecular

Ionic lattice

Covalent network

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6
Q

Covalent molecular
Melting point?
Conduct electricity?
Happened between?

A

Low melting point

Does not conduct electricity

Happneds between non mental

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7
Q

Covalent network
Melting point?
Conduct electricity?
Happened between?

A

Melting point high

Doesn’t make electricity

Non metal to non metal

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8
Q

Ionic lattice
Melting point?
Conduct electricity?
Happened between?

A

High melting point

When it’s a liquid ions can move and make electricity but not as a solid

Non metals to metals

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9
Q

What does ionic bounding do?

A

Steals electrons from metal ions that are held by attraction

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10
Q

What does covalent bounding?

A

Pull on a shared positive electron

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11
Q

Name formula structures?

A

Liner

Angular

Trinomial pyramidal

Tetrahedral

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12
Q

Ending in ide meaning?

A

2 elements are in the compound

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13
Q

Conducting electricity?

A

Must have + ions that are free to move

Covalent don’t have this so can’t make electricity

Ionic can only do this when molten or in a solution (the lattice breaks down and the ions are free to move)

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14
Q

How are acids formed?

A

When soluble non metal oxide devolves in water

Increases hydrogen ions

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15
Q

How are alkalis/ bases made?

A

When soluble metal oxides / metal carbonate dissolved in water

Increase hydroxide

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16
Q

When is a solution acid?

A

When it’s from pH 1-6

When H+ is more than the OH-

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17
Q

When is a solution alkali?

A

Ph 8- 14

When there are more OH- than H+

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18
Q

When is a solution neutral?

A

When ph 7

When H+ and OH- are equal

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19
Q

How can we tell the pH of something?

A

Universal indicator

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20
Q

Give the salts of the following?
- hydrochloride
- nitric
- sulphuric

A
  • chloride
  • nitrate
  • sulphate
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21
Q

What can a base do to an acid?

A

Neutralise it

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22
Q

How far can the following radiation go?
- alpha
- beta
- gamma

A
  • paper
  • aluminium
  • thick lead sheet
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23
Q

How to do redox questions?

A

Basicly simultaneously equations!
Oxidation = product first
And visa

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24
Q

Does oxidation gain or lose electron?

A

Loss

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25
Q

Does oxidation gain or lose electron?

A

Loss

26
Q

Does reduction gain or lose electrons?

A

Gain

27
Q

Tools to use to measure:
Solids
Liquids

A

Scale
Burette

28
Q

Reactivity series?

A

From down to up goes up in reactivity

29
Q

How to extract metals?

A

Heating
Heating with carbon
Electrolysis

30
Q

How to extract metals?

A

Heating
Heating with carbon
Electrolysis

31
Q

Metals that need to be extracted using electrolysis?

A

Lithium to zinc

32
Q

Metals needing to be extracted by heating and carbon

A

Iron to copper

33
Q

Metals that need to just need heat to be extracted?

A

Sliver to gold

34
Q

Single cell?

A

In 1 Cup
2 metals
No ion bridge

35
Q

Single cell?

A

In 1 Cup
2 metals
No ion bridge

36
Q

2 half cells?

A

Ion bridge
2 metals
Voltmeter

37
Q

2 half cells?

A

Ion bridge
2 metals
Voltmeter

38
Q

In metals how is the voltage?

A

The further the places. The more voltage can be made

39
Q

3 essential elements in fertiliser?

A

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

40
Q

3 essential elements in fertiliser?

A

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

41
Q

What does the harbor process do?

A

Make ammonia

42
Q

What does the oswald do?

A

Turns nitric acid react to make ammonium nitrate

(This is a neutralisation reaction)

43
Q

What is an iso mer ?

A

Same formula but different structure

44
Q

What is homologous?

A

Same general formula different chemical properties

45
Q

What is endothermic and exothermic?

A

Endo = absorbs heat
Exco = give out heat

46
Q

alkane end in
ANE
What else?

A

Only single bound
–c–c–

47
Q

Alkenes end in
ENE
What else?

A

Has double bonds

–c=c–

48
Q

What is a cycoalkanes?
They have

Cyclo- / -ane

A

When they are in a cycle. Circle.

49
Q

Alchols end in
OL
What else?

A

Have
–OH

50
Q

Carboxylic acids end in
OIC ACID
what else?

A

Contains double bound O
=O

And OH
–OH

51
Q

What are the diatonic elements?

A
  • oxygen
  • chlorine
  • bromine
  • nitrogen
  • iodine
  • fluorine
52
Q

What are the diatonic elements?

A
  • oxygen
  • chlorine
  • bromine
  • nitrogen
  • iodine
  • fluorine
53
Q

Naming hydrocarbons
Name the prefix..

A

Meth = 1
Eth = 2
Prop =3
But = 4
Pent = 5
Hex = 6
Hept =7
Oct = 8

54
Q

Formula for alkANES

A

CnH2n+2

N= number of

55
Q

Formula for alkANES

A

CnH2n+2

N= number of

56
Q

Double bonds are

A

unsaturated

Decolourises bromine water

57
Q

Double bonds are

A

unsaturated

Decolourises bromine water

58
Q

AlkeNES formula

A

CnH2n

59
Q

Alkenes formula

A

CnH2n

60
Q

Cycoalkanes formula?

A

CnH2n

61
Q

What is a dc supply and why is it important

A

Direct current

Supplies elecrtic energy

Chemistry (3 decks)

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