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History:The Struggle For Civil Rights 1890-1990 > Lesson 16+17: The Role Of Martin Luther King > Flashcards

Lesson 16+17: The Role Of Martin Luther King Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first March on Washington?

A

1957

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2
Q

Which civil rights group was behind the march?

A

SCLC

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3
Q

How many people attended the march?

A

Only 20,000

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4
Q

Which NAACP leader disliked King?

A

Roy Wilkins
He favoured litigation while King preferred mass action

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5
Q

Which civil rights group was competition for King and SCLC?

A

SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commitee
Formed for more direct action

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6
Q

What started the 1960s Sit-ins?

A

In 1960, 4 black students entered an all-white cafe in North Carolina.
Refused to leave and caused lunch counter to close

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7
Q

What was the effect of the first sit in?

A

Inspired 70,000 students to take part across the North

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8
Q

What did the sit-ins show about King when he assured the SNCC they had the full support of the SCLC?

A

He was willing to be led by others

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9
Q

What was the outcome of the sit-ins?

A

Helped get rid of some Jim Crow laws
The loss of business made Woolworth (North Carolina) desegregate all lunch counters by the end of 1961

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10
Q

How many cities desegregated their lunch counters following North Carolina?

A

150 cities

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11
Q

When was the march on Birmingham, Alabama?

A

1963

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12
Q

Who led the 1963 March on Birmingham, Alabama?

A

Martin Luther King and the SCLC

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13
Q

Why did King target Birmingham?

A

It was the worst city for racism
White extremists had recently castrated a black man
Eugene ‘Bull’ Connor was police commissioner

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14
Q

What did King do when the SCLC failed to recruit enough local demonstrators/black community to take part?

A

He used crowded areas to give the impression of mass action and encourage onlookers to take apart

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15
Q

What did King do to elevate the protest further?

A

He used black school children, as young as six

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16
Q

Which black activist opposed king for using school children?

A

Malcolm X
“Real men don’t put their children on the firing line.”

17
Q

How many black protesters were arrested and sent to jail?

A

500

18
Q

What were Bull Connors tactics against the black protestors?

A

He used high-pressure water hoses to tear clothes off students backs

19
Q

What was the outcome of the March on Birmingham?

A

Segregation ended in Birmingham

20
Q

How did the March affect the campaign for civil rights?

A

Kennedy admitted that the police’s violent response in Birmingham persuaded him to push the bill that became the 1964 civil rights act

21
Q

When was the second March on Washington?

A

August 1963

22
Q

What was the aim of the 1963 Washington March?

A

To encourage the passage of the civil rights bill and promote black employment opportunities

23
Q

Which civil rights groups took part in organizing the March?

A

The NAACP, CORE, SNCC, SCLC

24
Q

How many people attended the March?

A

250,000

25
Q

What percentage of the 250,000 were white?

A

25%

26
Q

What was significant about the 1963 Washington protest?

A

Martin Luther King made his ‘I have a dream’ speech and it was televised worldwide

27
Q

What was the outcome of the 1963 March and Washington?

A

The civil rights act was passed in 1964

28
Q

What was the negatives of the 1963 March and Washington and the 1964 civil rights act?

A

It didn’t change the fact that black Americans had poor housing, the same land and the majority couldn’t vote?

29
Q

When was the March and Selma?

A

1965

30
Q

What was the problem in Selma?

A

Out of Selma‘s 29,000 black population, there were only 23 registered black voters due to Black codes

31
Q

What happened during the protest? In Selma

A

A police officer shot a black youth shielding his mother from a beating

Racist whites threw venomous snakes at blacks trying to register to vote

King was arrested

32
Q

What did King tell the media when he was arrested?

A

“There are more Negroes in jail with me [3400 in feb 1965] than there are on the voting rolls”

33
Q

Where did the march on Selma begin and end?

A

From Selma to Montgomery

34
Q

What was the purpose of March?

A

Publicise the need for a Voting Rights Act

35
Q

What happened during the march?

A

Television viewers saw police officers attack ma with clubs and tear gas

36
Q

What is the march on selma known as?

A

“Bloody Sunday”

37
Q

How did the federal government get involved?

A

Over-rode Alabama’s authourity and allowed the march to Montgomery after 2 attempts

38
Q

How many were involved in the March on Montgomery?

A

30,000

39
Q

What was a failure of the March?

A

Bitter relations were caused between SCLC and SNCC when King didnt inform them (SNCC) of his tactics to confront and then retreat from police

History:The Struggle For Civil Rights 1890-1990 (22 decks)

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