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From Flashcardlet > California (cliffNs) > Flashcards

California (cliffNs) Flashcards

0
Q

What were native Americans like before European contact.

A
  • spoke great diversity of dialects.
  • largest concentration of Indians in North America
  • not warlike, weapons non sophisticated
  • used Acorns
  • Tobacco and jimson weed used in ceremonies.
  • Men- hunters Women-gatherers but killed small game.
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1
Q

Californias geography

A

Rugged, mountainous, deserts.
Travel on food was difficult.
Tribes remained diverse

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2
Q

Northern California Tribes

A

Yurok, Hupa, Modoc, Pomo

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3
Q

Central California tribes

A

Maidu, Muwok

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4
Q

Coastal

A

Miwok, Esslen, and Chumash

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5
Q

Desert Tribes

A

Mojave, Serrano

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6
Q

Sierra Nevada

A

Miwok, Mono

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7
Q

agricultural tools

A

mortar and pestle, metate, grinding slab, digging sticks,
BASKETS, pottery, wood, stone bowls,

Instruments, drum, flute, rasp, bow
Money: clam disks, shells,

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8
Q

Spanish Conquest of the Americas

A
  • 1500’s
  • Spanish were aware of Americas after Cortes’s conquest of Mexico in 1519.
  • 21 Missions were built
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9
Q

El Camino Real

A

California’s first transportation route.

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10
Q

Cabrillo

A

discovered San Diego bay, the santa barbara Islands, point conception, and point Reyes.

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11
Q

Drake

A

English explorer, claimed land for england sailed up california coast.

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12
Q

Russian exploration in California

A

not till 1800s. renewed Spanish efforts to Colonize California.
The Monroe doctorine stopped Europe from colonizing in the Americas.
-Then Spanish established presidios (military forts) and pueblos in valleys around San Francisco bay.

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13
Q

Who developed the Mission system?

A

Father Serra

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14
Q

Positive outcomes of mission system

A

Provided presidios with food and goods
In some cases enjoyed great economic success
gave Spanish a foothold in California

SO THEREFORE THEY WERENT THAT GREAT :(

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15
Q

Negative outcomes

A

Exposed the Indians to European diseases
Destroyed their native culture
labor force of Indians.

16
Q

When did Spanish get Indepence?

A

1822

17
Q

Spain Rule of California

A

-Alta California was a colony of Spain.
-Spanish colonization did not start till late 18th century.
-Spanish colonization had three stages:
Missions (religious centers)
Presidios (military protection, coastal defense)
Pueblos (towns)

18
Q

Mexico effects on California

A

“Republic of Mexico”
Mexican authority never strong
allowed trade with foreigners and issued land graints
Missions secularized and lands sold to powerful local families (Californios)
Ranchos owned by Californios

19
Q

Who opened California to American Settlement (was able to get out of Mexican and Spanish control?)

A 
American trappers (Jedediah Smith)
Explorers (Kit Carson and Joseph Walker) 
and a variety of wagon masters.
20
Q

When was California’s indepence from Mexico?

A

1846-1848

21
Q

When was war Declared on Mexico? For what reason? What events occured?

A

The Mexican American war occurred in 1846

Commander Sloat captured Montery Bay and claimed the area for the US.

22
Q

When was the Treaty of Gudalupe Hildago?

A

1848, transferred California from Mexican to American control.

23
Q

What happened between 1848-1850?

A

-Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo (California ceded by Mexico)
-Military Government established
-discovery of gold at Sutters Mill 1848
“Rush of 100,000 New immigrants
-deadlock with washington over organizing California as a territory
-California admitted to the Union as FREE 1850 in Comprimise

24
Q

Bear Flag Revolt

A

1846 a group of setllers marched into Sonoma and raised their grizzly bear flag, proclaiming California an independent republic. But when word reached to them that US was already at war with Mexico, the Bear Flag revolt was abandoned and the rebeled joined John Fremont in the “California Battalion” fighting to make california a part of the US.

25
Q

Who discovered gold?

A

James W. Marshall in 1948 (two years after the bear flag revolt) changed the political, social, and economic hisotry. 2 years after the find of God, The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to be a free state.

26
Q

Homestead Act (1862)

A

allowed citizens to claim free land if they would live on it and improve it for five years. Post-war California, mining, the railroad, and farming promoted immigration.l

27
Q

What ultimately completed Manifest Destiny?

A

The completion of the transcontiental railroad in 1869.

28
Q

What was the big four? what did they do?

A

Hopkins, Crocker, Huntington, and Stanford controlled the railroad industry and most of the California political scene.

29
Q

When did the Economic depression hit California?

A

1870, a cycle of boom and bust began.
low wages, high unemployment, railroad abuses, and restriction of what rights
Collaspse of Bank of America in 1875

30
Q

When was Chinese Exclusion act? When was the Gentlemens agreement passed?

A

Chinese exclusion -1882

Gentlemen’s agreement 1907

31
Q

Who was Hiram Johnson?

A

A progressive was elected governor and a reform program was initiated. 23 amendments were added to the California constitution (1911). The provisions included women’s sufferage, initiative, referendum, and recall, workmen’s compensation, a new railroad commission, and others.

32
Q

Impact of Great Depression

A
  • Okies and Arkies migrated out of Dust Bowl midwest to MOVE to California 375,000 people
  • Mexican repartriation
    • competition for agricultural jobs
  • Film industry- escape from reality, increasing popularity of hollywood films.
33
Q

How did WWII affect California

A
  • aircraft and shipbuilding industries boomed.
  • tensions of war and immigrations affected race relations
  • zoot suit riots= mexican targets, african americans and filipinos also victimized
  • migration and population boom from industry growth.
34
Q

What is GDP and what is Californias?

A

GDP - gross domestic product ranks California #1 in the nation.

- ranks it among the top ten countries in the WORLD
- vast natural resources, agriculture, oil, timber, 
- higher education system.

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