The Immune System

Question 1

Immune System

Answer 1

Split into two parts: non-specific (passive) and specific (active)

Question 2

Non-specific immune system

Answer 2

AKA passive immune system; fights off all types of invaders; includes skin, mucous, and leukocytes

Question 3

Lysozyme

Answer 3

Destroys bacterial cell walls; found in saliva, tears, and mucous; antimicrobial secretion

Question 4

Mucous

Answer 4

Traps particles and microbes and transports them to the stomach by swallowing or expels them by coughing or sneezing

Question 5

Monocytes

Answer 5

Type of white blood cell that circulates in blood and diffuse through capillaries to tissues where they grow and become macrophages; have pseudopodia; display antigens of cell that was “eaten” to T-cells

Question 6

Pseudopodia

Answer 6

Pull in foreign particles which are destroyed by phagocytes

Question 7

Phagocytes

Answer 7

Have enzymes and superoxides that destroy particles

Question 8

Neutrophils; eosinophils; basophils

Answer 8

Other types of white blood cells

Question 9

Mast cells

Answer 9

White blood cells that release histamine

Question 10

Histamine

Answer 10

Responsible for allergic reactions and the inflammatory response

Question 11

Inflammatory response

Answer 11

In areas of tissue injury, small blood vessels dilate, increasing blood supply to the area; causes characteristic redness and heat in that area; fluids move from blood into injured area (leaky capillary), causes swelling; blood fluids bring white blood cells to fight off infections; macrophages leave the bloodstream and begin to phagocytize foreign cells and particles; most of the inflammatory response is due to injury of mast cells (release histamine when injured, which makes blood vessels dilate)

Question 12

Vasodilation

Answer 12

Small blood vessels dilate

Question 13

Edema

Answer 13

Swelling

Question 14

Specific immune response

Answer 14

AKA active immune system; includes lymphocytes and antibodies

Question 15

Lymphocytes

Answer 15

Two types: B and T; originate from pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow; develop into T cells if they mature in the thymus and B cells if they mature in the bone marrow (B- bone marrow, T-thymus)

Question 16

Pluripotent

Answer 16

Can become anything

Question 17

B cell

Answer 17

Every B-cell has antibodies on its surface that bind to one specific antigen; serves as a foreign cell surface marker; all B cells have the potential to respond to millions of different antigens; produce antibodies to certain antigens

Question 18

Antibodies

Answer 18

Make antigen solid if it is dissolved in the blood stream; inform leukocytes; clump antigens;

Question 19

Humoral immune response

Answer 19

Immune response that uses antibodies and B-cells

Question 20

Plasma-B cell

Answer 20

Produce antibodies

Question 21

Memory-B cell

Answer 21

Remember antigens and detect them if they return to the body

Question 22

T cells

Answer 22

3 types: killer, helper, and suppressor;

Question 23

Killer-T cells

Answer 23

AKA cytotoxic-T cells; kills our own cells that are infected by a virus; can kill cancer cells

Question 24

Cell-meditated immune response

Answer 24

Uses killer-T cells

Question 25

Helper-T cells

Answer 25

Release cytokines which stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and stimulate other immune system cells as well;

Question 26

Suppressor-T cells

Answer 26

Involved in slowing down the immune response so it doesn’t get out of control

Question 27

Passive immunity

Answer 27

Short-lived transfer of antibodies; doesn’t last forever

Question 28

Passive immunity example

Answer 28

Mother’s breast milk

Question 29

Active immunity

Answer 29

Gained by body creating memory-B cells