消化系统疾病 Flashcards

0
Q

胃溃疡的病理变化及合并症如何

A

病变:肉眼:一个,直径为2cm以内,可达肌层
镜下 - 渗出层,坏死层,肉芽组织层,瘢痕层
合并症:出血,穿孔,幽门梗阻,癌变

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1
Q

溃疡病是什么?

A

在胃或十二指肠黏膜形成慢性溃疡,多发生于十二指肠。患者有周期性上腹部疼痛,反酸,嗳气,呕吐等症状

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2
Q

病毒性肝炎(viral hepatitis)是指什么?

A

由肝炎病毒引起的肝实质细胞变质为主的炎症

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3
Q

肝硬化(liver cirrhosis)的概念

A

由于肝细胞长期受损,不断发生弥漫性变性,坏死,继而出现纤维组织增生和肝细胞结节状再生,三者反复交替进行,致使肝小叶结构破坏,肝体积缩小,质地变硬,表面和切面均呈结节状。

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4
Q

肝硬化的病理变化

A

肉眼:早期-正常
晚期-体积缩小,重量减轻,质地变硬,包膜增厚,小结节状突起(直径0,1-0,5cm)

镜下:cf 假小叶
假小叶中肝细胞排列紊乱,小叶中央v偏位。

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5
Q

叙述假小叶

A

肝硬变时,正常的肝小叶结构被破坏,消失。代之以有大量纤维组织围绕,大小不等,圆形或椭圆形的细胞团

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6
Q

门脉高压症(portal hypertension)的临床表现

A

脾V回流受阻,脾脏淤血肿大 - 脾肿大
胃肠道淤血
腹水(ascites)
侧支循环形成

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7
Q

kuppfer 细胞是什么?

A

肝脏的巨噬细胞

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8
Q

肝功能不全进一步发展的话,发生肝性脑病,称为?

A

肝功能衰竭 hepatic failure

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9
Q

急性(普通型)肝炎的主要病理变化特点

A
分为黄疸型和无黄疸型
肝脏肿大
肝区疼痛
腹胀,食欲不振
血清转氨酶和血胆红素升高
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10
Q

门脉性肝硬化的病变

A

肉眼:体积缩小,重量减轻,质地变硬,包膜增厚

镜下:肝细胞被增生的结缔组织成大小不等的图块,假小叶。假小叶肝细排列紊乱,中央静脉偏位。

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11
Q

血氨升高对脑的毒性作用

A

脑能量代谢障碍

脑内兴奋性与抑制性神经介质平衡改变

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12
Q

肝性脑病(hepatic encephalopathy)是指什么?

A

指继发于严重肝脏病患发生肝功能衰竭时,出现的一系列精神,神经的综合病征。

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13
Q

不同坏死类型与不同临床类型肝炎的关系

A

急性(普通型)肝炎:坏死多为SN
慢性(普通型)肝炎:轻度- 点状坏死(偶尔碎片状)
中度- 坏死明显,碎片状+桥接
重度- 广泛坏死,碎片状+桥接(面积大)
重型肝炎:急性- 大片坏死
亚急性- 大片坏死

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