Learning

Question 0

What is habituation?

Answer 0

Habituation is the lack of emotional response when a a stimulus is constantly repeated

Question 1

What is learning?

Answer 1

A relatively lasting change in behavior that is the result of experience.

Question 2

What is associative learning?

Answer 2

This is a learning or conditioning term that refers to learning that two different events occur or happen together.

Question 3

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 3

A form of learning where an organism learns through establishing associations between cause and effect. (If I hear a bell ring I salivate because I know I’m getting food)

Question 4

What is behaviorism?

Answer 4

The belief that psychology should be a science base on observable (and only observable) events, not the conscious or unconscious mind.

Question 5

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 5

A response entirely natural to occur to an organism without any prior learning

Question 6

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 6

Stimuli that can produce responses all by themselves without any prior learning

Question 7

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 7

A stimulus that an organism learns to relate to an action. (Aka a dog hearing a beep then salivating, the beep would be the conditioned stimulus)

Question 8

What is acquisition?

Answer 8

The initial stage of the learning or conditioning process. Some response is being associated with some stimulus to the point where we can say the organism “acquired” the response.

Question 9

What is extinction?

Answer 9

The weakening of a conditioned response over time

Question 10

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 10

The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished response

Question 11

What is generalization?

Answer 11

The tendency for things like the the conditioned stimulus to evoke the same responses

Question 12

What is discrimination?

Answer 12

In CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, it is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been conditioned

Question 13

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 13

When an animal is repeatedly subjected to an aversive stimulus that it cannot escape, eventually the animal will act as if it can never escape it and will stop avoiding it

Question 14

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 14

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments of behavior. ALL associated by consequence for actions.

Question 15

What is the law of effect?

Answer 15

This is a principle that suggests that responses closely followed by satisfaction will become firmly attached to the situation and therefore will occur again when the situation is repeated

Question 16

What is an operant chamber?

Answer 16

It is a box that holds the test subject, and is often sound and light proof, to limit responses from unintended stimuli.

Question 17

What is shaping?

Answer 17

Gradually molding or “training” an organism to perform a specific response by reinforcing any responses that are similar to the desired response.

Question 18

What is a reinforcer?

Answer 18

A stimulus, such as a reward, that in OPERANT CONDITIONING maintains or strengthens a desired response.

Question 19

What is latent learning?

Answer 19

The type of learning that occurs, but you don’t really see it. (Like learning how to drive by watching your parents when you have actually never driven)

Question 20

Rosalie Rayner

Answer 20

Her and John B. Watson did the little white rat experiment where they presented a rat to a little boy and banged a loud noise

Question 21

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 21

Discovered classical conditioning on accident by conducting work on digestion in dogs

Question 22

B.F. Skinner

Answer 22

Developed the theory of operant conditioning, which uses reinforcers or consequences to change behavior.

Question 23

Edward Thorndike

Answer 23

He is best known for his work on Learning Theory. He also formulated the Law of Effect.

Question 24

John Watson

Answer 24

The father of behaviorism. He came up with the little Albert experiment, a white rat.