Final Flashcards
How many tissues are the vocal folds divided into?
5
Name the 5 tissues
- Epithelum (mucosa)
- Basal lamina (basement membrane zone)
- Superficial layer of the lamina propria
- Intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria
- Thyroarytenoid muscle
3 Sections that include the tissues
- Cover
- Transition
- Body
Was is contained in the cover
Contains the epithelium, basal lamina, and the superficial layer of the lamina propria
Briefly describe cover
Epithelium: maintains the shape of the VF
• Basal lamina: provides physical support to epithelium and is essential to its repair
•Lamina propria: Reinke’s space, but not a space. Has extracellular matrices that are the scaffolds for structural support
Adequate hydration is essential to what?
Lubrication for normal phonation.
•the microridges and microvilli help spread and retain a mucous coat on the epithelium.
What can vocal fold surgery disturb?
The layer of epithelium, which can scar and no longer retain an adequate mucous coat. This impacts the lubrication of the VF
Reinke’s Edema
- a voice pathology - swelling due to abnormal accumulation of fluid that occurs in the superficial LP
- causes VF mucosa to appear floppy with excessive movement of the cover (like a loose sock)
- lowers F0
Vocal fold lesions
- primarily on cover of folds
- commonly on basal lamina
- BL proteins can shear, causing vf injury (nodules or polyps)
what is contained in transition
Intermediate and deep layers of the Lamina Propria
• primarily sturctural, giving vf support and providing adhesion between cover, body, and thryoarytenoid muscle.
Intermediate and deep layer of LP
- Intermediate - primarily made up of elastic fibers
- Deep - made up of collagenous fibers
- fibers run parallel to vf edge and comprise vocal ligament
what is contained in the body?
Thyroarytenoid muscle
TA muscle
Divided into thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles, the vocalis and inferior vocalis
1 change from birth to old age
• Infant LP has only one layer, adult has 3. No vocal ligament in infant. – influences a difference in the number of formants between adult and pediatric populations.
Formant differences in female adults and children
Females - voice is three tones lower than the chilld’s and has 5-12 formants. Pediatric voice has 3-6.