What is the homeostatisic control of water potential in blood is called?
Osmoregulation
What is a nephron?
Particular functional unit of the kidney
Structure of the mammalian kidney
- Fibrous capulse
- Cortex
- Medulla
- Renal pelvis
- Urter
- Renal artery
Properties of structure of nephron
- 14mm long
- Closed at one end
- Two tisted regions separated by a long hairpin loop
Structure of nephron
- Reneal Bowman’s capulse
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
What is the renal bowman’s capulse?
The closed end at the start of the nephron
It is cup-shaped and surrounds a mass of blood cappillaries made up of the glomerulus
The inner layer of the renal capulse is made up of specialised cells called podocytes
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
It is a series of loops surrounded by blood cappillaries
Its walls are made of epithalial cellss which have micorvilli
What is the loop of henle?
It is a long, hairpin loop that extends from the cortex of the medula and to the kidney back again
It is surrounded by the blood capillaries
What is the distal convoluted tubule?
A series of loops surrounded by blood capilarries
Its walls made up of epithelial cells surrounded by fewer cappillaries than the proximal rubule
What is the collecting duct?
A tube into which a number of distal convoluted tubules from a number of nephrons empty
It is lined by epithalial cells and becomes increasingly wide as it empties into the pelvis in the kidney
Blood vessels associated with nephrons
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- blood capillaries
What is afferent arteriole?
It is a tiny vessel that ultimately arises from renal artery and supplies the nephron with blood
the afferent arteriole enters the renal capulse of the nephrons where it forms
What is glomerulus?
A many branched knot of capillaries from which fluid is forced out of blood
The glomerular capillaries recombine
What is efferent arteriole?
A tiny bessel that leaves the renal capsule
It has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole and causes an increase in blood pressure within glomerulus
The efferent arteriole carries the blood away from the renal capsule and later branches to form the blood capillaries
What is blood capillaries?
It is a concentrated network of capillaries that surrounds the proximal convoluted tubule
The loop of henle has a distal convulted tubule and from which they reabsorb mineral salts , glucose and water
These capillaries merge together into venules that turn merge together to form renal vein
Diagram of nephron
