MMT upper limb Flashcards
Cervical rotation
Position: Supine with head turned fully to side.
Resistance: Side of head above ear.
Stabilize: Body on table
Instruction: “Turn your head and face the ceiling. Hold it. Do not let me turn your head back to the side.”
GM: Sitting neutral head position. Partial range of motion.
Instruction: “Turn your head as far as you can to the left while keeping your chin level. Repeat for the right.”
Trace/Zero: Palpate sternocleidomastoid or posterior muscles fro contraction but no motion.
Instruction: “Try to turn your head as far as you can to the left while keeping your chin level. Repeat for the right.”
Wrist flexion (flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris)
Position: sitting, forearm supported on table, full supination, wrist neutral to slight extension
Resistance: at palm with fingers while testers thumb circles to dorsum of patient hand.
Stabilization: distal forearm
Instruction: bend your wrist, keeping your fingers relaxed. Hold it.
Gravity minimized: sitting, forearm in mid position supported on table with ulnar side down. Tester supports distal forearm. Completes full range.
Instructions: bend your wrist. Keep your fingers relaxed
Trace/0: sitting. Supinated forearm supported on table with wrist supported In flexion by tester. Tester views for contract tile activity
Instruction: try to bend your wrists. Relax. Bended again
Combined Capital and cervical flexion
Position: Supine head on table, arms at sides.
Resistance: On forehead
Stabilize:Body on table
Instruction: “Bring your head up until your chin is on your chest and don’t raise your shoulders. Hold it. Don’t let me push your head down”
GM: Supine head on table, arms at sides Partial range completed.
Instruction: “Try to roll your head to the right and then back all the way to the left”
Trace/Zero: Palpate sternocleidomastoid. Contraction without motion is Trace
Instruction: “Try to roll your head to the right and then back all the way to the left”
Wrist extension (extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris)
Position:Sitting with flexed elbow and pronated foreman supported on table.
Resistance:Dorsal surface of metacarpals
Stabilization:Tester supports distal forearm.
Instruction“Bring your wrist up. Hold it”
GM:Sitting, forearm in mid-position supported on table with ulnar side down. Tester supports distal forearm. Completes full range.
Instructions“Bring your wrist back. Keep your fingers relaxed”
Trace/Zero: Sitting. Pronated forearm supported on table with wrist supported in extension by tester. Palpates and views for contractile activity.
Instruction“Try to bring your wrist back. Relax. Bend it again”
Combined Capital & Cervical Exension
Position: Prone with head off end of table. Arms at sides.
Resistance: Parieto-occipital area. Other hand below chin in case give way to resistance.
Stabilize: Body on table
Instruction: “Lift your head and look at the ceiling. Hold it. Don’t let me push your head down.”
GM: Prone with head supported on table. Arms at side. Partial range completed.
Instruction: “Try to raise your head off the table and look at the ceiling”
Trace/Zero: Palpate cervical region and base of occiput
Instruction“Try to raise your head off the table and look at the ceiling”
Elbow flexion open (biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis)
Position: sitting forearm supination
Resistance: distal forearm volar surface
Stabilization: lateral/anterior shoulder
Instruction: bend your elbow keeping your palm up
Gravity minimized/trace/0: sitting shoulder 90° abduction with forearm supination, supported.
Instruction: try to bend your elbow
Forearm supination (supinator and biceps brachii)
Position: sitting. arm at side, Elbow flex to 90°, forearm in pronation.
Resistance: grasp forearm with testers palm on dorsal and fingers on volar surfaces
Stabilization: support elbow
Instruction: turn your palm up. Hold it.
Gravity minimized: sitting. Shoulder flexed between 45 and 90°, Forearm neutral. Completes full range
Instruction: turn your palm toward your face
Trace/0: sitting. Arm at side, elbow flexed to 90°, forearm in pronation.
Instruction: try to turn your palm so it faces the ceiling
Elbow extension (triceps)
Position: prone with 90° shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, forearm hanging vertical, palm facing table.
Resistance: distal forearm dorsal surface
Stabilization: distal humerus
Instruction: straighten your elbow. Hold it
Gravity minimized/trace/0: sitting with shoulder at 90° abduction, neutral shoulder rotation, Elbow 45° flexion. Arm supported parallel to floor
Instruction: try to straighten your elbow
Forearm pronation (pronator Teres and pronator quadratus)
Position: sitting. Arm at side, Elbow flex to 90°, forearm in supination.
Resistance: dorsal surface of wrist
Stabilization: support elbow
Instructions: turn your palm down. Hold it
Gravity minimized: Sitting. Shoulder flexed between 45 and 90°, forearm neutral. Completes full range.
Instruction: turn your palm away from your face
Trace/0: sitting. Arm at side, elbow flexed to 90° forearm in supination. Palpates and views for contractile activity.
Instructions: try to turn your palm down
External rotation (teres minor and infraspinatus)
Position: prone with head turned to test side or for head on towel. 90° of abduction and 90° of elbow flexion, with upper arm supported on table and forearm hanging vertically.
Resistance: distal forearm-two finger resistance
Stabilization: elbow
Instructions: read your forearm to the level of the table. Hold it.
Gravity minimize/trace/0: prone shoulder on table with arm hanging and palm facing table.
Instructions: turn your palm outward
Shoulder flexion (anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis)
Position: sitting flex shoulder to 90° palm down
Resistance: distal humerus
Stabilization: shoulder as needed
Instruction: raise your arms to shoulder height. Hold it.
Gravity minimized: sitting. Complete partial range
Trace/0: palpates and views for contractile activity
Shoulder extension (latissimus dorsi, teres major, posterior deltoid)
Position: prone with palm up
Resistance: distal humerus
Stabilization: scapula as needed
Instruction: lift your arm as high as you can. Hold it.
Gravity minimize/trace/0: prone with palm up
Horizontal adduction (pectoralis major)
Position: supine. 90° of shoulder abduction, 90° of flexion.
Resistance: distal forearm
Stabilization: trunk as needed
Instruction: move your arm across your chest. Hold it.
Gravity minimized/Trace/0: Supine. Arm supported in 90° of shoulder abduction, 90° elbow flexion. Completes full range with weight of arms supported.
Instructions: try to move your arm across her chest. Hold it.
Scaption (deltoid and supraspinatus): on elevation in the plane of the scapula
Position: sitting in shoulder to 90° in Plane of scapula palm down.
Resistance: distal humerus
Stabilization: shoulder as needed
Construction: lift your arm to shoulder height halfway between straight ahead and out to the side. Hold it.
Gravity minimized/Trace/0: Sitting
Shoulder abduction (middle deltoid and supraspinatus)
Position: sitting and shoulder to 90 degrees abduction thumb up
Resistance: distal humerus
Stabilization: shoulder as needed
Instruction: lift your arm out to the side to shoulder level. Hold it.
Gravity minimized: sitting. Complete partial range
Trace/0: tester supports arm at 90° shoulder abduction. Palpates and views for contractile activity
