Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Biology > 17,24,35 > Flashcards

17,24,35 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

T Cells

A

Are lymphocytes, involved in adaptive immunity, mature in the thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An allergic reaction involves

A

Mast cells, over production of histamine, production of IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The millions of different types of antibodies produced by the immune system are most likely due to…

A

Gene rearrangement involving many combinations of V and J segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complement

A

Is a system of many proteins, helps destroyed pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Active immunity an de artificially induced by

A

Injecting vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nonspecific defense mechanisms in vertebrates include

A

Skin, acid secretion, inflammation, and phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B Cells

A

Are lymphocytes,
clone after contacting its targeted antigen,
include many antigen-binding forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The secondary immune response is due to

A

Memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T cells receptors

A

Bind antigens

Are found on killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Process(Es) involved in clearing body of foreign antigens

A

Neutralization and agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of these defense mechanisms is incorrectly paired with its function?
Gastric juice- kills bacteria in stomach
Fever- may stimulate phagocytosis
Lysozyme -attacks the cell wall of viruses
Cytokines- attract phagocytes in the inflammatory response

A

Lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells would release interferons ?

A

A cell infected by a virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antibodies are

A

Proteins circulating in the blood that may tag foreign cells for complement destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A secondary immune response is more rapid and effective than a primary immune response because

A

Memory cells respond to the pathogen and rapidly proliferate into effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clonal selection is responsible for the

A

Proliferation of effector cells and memory cells specific for an encountered antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

A
  • Present antigen fragments on infected cells,
  • are a collection of cell surface proteins,
  • may trigger T cells responses after transplant operations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In neutralization..

A

Antibodies coat proteins on the surface of a virus, preventing infection of a host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The study of viruses has provided information on all topics but what?

A

The sexual replication cycles of viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The reverse transcriptase carried by retroviruses

A

Uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Viruses cannot be considered alive according to the

A

Cell theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following is false?

  1. )The outer coats of all viruses are alike
  2. ) the virus uses either DNA or RNA at its core, but not both.
  3. ) viruses can be replicated only after they enter a living cell
  4. ) most viruses have a protein coat or covering
A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the human variant (vCJD) are likely caused by

A

Prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The five stages of lytic infection are attachment, penetration,_______, assembly, and release.

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A prophage

A

Is phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
All viruses have genes encoding at least :
Their coat proteins, and enzymes required for nucleic acid replication
26
When a virus transfers DNA from one bacteria to another to cause genetic recombination..
Transduction
27
Additional pieces of DNA that have supplemental genes in prokaryotes
Plasmid
28
Bacterial types that stain purple and have thick wall of peptidoglycan
Gram +
29
Rod shaped prokaryote
Bacillus
30
A rigid tubelike structure that allows certain bacteria to attach to their host to transfer some of their DNA to another bacterial cell
Pilus
31
When DNA is absorbed by bacterial cells from their environment to cause generic recombination
Transformation
32
Spherical shaped prokaryote
Coccus
33
A heat, water and chemical resistant structure domes by some Bacteria to survive unfavorable environmental conductions
Endospore
34
The single circular DNA
Prokaryotic chromosome
35
Bacterial type that stains red and has a thin wall of peptidoglycan
Gram -
36
Polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of a prokaryote
peptidoglycan
37
When DNA is passed from one bacteria to another through physical contact to cause genetic recombination
Conjunction
38
Use light as their energy source and CO2 as their carbon source
Photoautotroph
39
Archea that live in high temperature environments
Thermophiles
40
Obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances and use CO2 as their carbon source
Chemoautotrophs
41
Archea that live in high salt environments
Halophiles
42
Don't require oxygen
Anaerobes
43
Archea that live in normal environments
Mesophile
44
Obtain energy by oxidizing organic molecules and use already prepared organic chemicals as their carbon source
Chemoheterotroph
45
Archea that live in extreme environments
Extremophile
46
Use light as their energy source and organic chemicals as their carbon source
Photoheterotroph
47
Use oxygen when present, otherwise produce energy anaerobically
Facultative anaerobes
48
Do not require oxygen; poisoned by it
Obligated anaerobes
49
Archea live in cold environments
Psychrophiles
50
Production of antibodies in the body in response to exposure to a foreign antigen
Active immunity
51
Response mounted by exposure to an antigen for the first time
Primary immune response
52
Involves production of specific proteins by B cell derivative that bind to foreign molecules
Antibody mediated immunity
53
Response mounted by exposure to an antigen for a second or lot of times
Secondary immune response
54
Involves the activation of T cell derivatives that attach to foreign cells and kill them
Cell mediated immunity
55
Acquisition of antibodies by direct transfer from another individual
Passive immunity
56
The proliferation of a particular clone of cells
Clonal expression
57
Organ of the lymphatic system involved in the maturation of T-cells
Thymus
58
Specific region of an antigen molecule
Epitope
59
A cell that presents antigens on its surface
Antigen presenting cell
60
A foreign molecule that triggers an adaptive immunity response
Antigen
61
Family of proteins that serve as antibodies
Immunoglobins
62
Process by which a lymphocyte is specifically selected for cloning
Clonal selection
63
Protein that binds to antigens and mark them for elimination
Antibodies
64
Ability to recognize previous antigens and foreign cells
Immunological memory
65
React with a particular epitope of an antigen
Monoclonal antibody

AP Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions